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Skeletal system & Joints (components of long bone (spongy (bone marrow…
Skeletal system & Joints
components of long bone
Diaphysis
shaft; long axis
medullary cavity
very center of long bone;
filled with bone marrow
adipose
Epiphysis
ends of long bones
joint surface has thin layer of articular cartilage(hyaline)
Epiphyseal line
separates diaphysis and epiphysis
compact
periosteum
entire outer surface
except parts with articular cartilage
deep layer
osteogenic
osteoblast
osteoclasts
superficial layer
dense irregular
superficial layer
spongy
endosteum
osteogenic
trabeculae
bone marrow
epiphysis
red bone marrow
diaphysis
yellow bone marrow
not true for some long bone
well vascularized
Types of bone cells
osteoblast
cell that actively produces the ground substance and fibers in the bone matrix; collagen fibers
osteocytes
maintain and keep bone matrix healthy
start as osteoblast
canaliculi
processes that extend bone matrix
have gap junction
connect cells to each other
osteonic cells
stem cells that differentiate (become) bone forming osteoblasts
osteoclast
secrete hydrochloric acid
breaks down bone tissue
biggest of the osteogenic cells
reabsorbs bone
have cili
multinucleate
mobile
fibrous and cartilaginous joints
fibrous
Suture
Skull only
No movement
fontanelles(soft spots) precede formation of suture
Fontanelles ossify and become the sutures
Syndemosis
Dense regular connective tissue
distal tibiofibular
Little movement
Gomphosis
where teeth meet mandible
periodontal ligament
immovable
cartilaginous
Synchondroses
Epiphyseal plate(goes away)
between 1st rib & manubrium
hyaline cartilage
immovable
Symphyses
pubic symphysis & intervertebral discs
mostly fibrocartilage
slightly moveable
structural components of a typical synovial joint
articular cartilage
hyaline
nourished by synovial fliud
found on condyle
articular capsule
fibrous layer
outer layer
dense irregular connective tissue
continuous with periosteum
synovial membrane
inner layer
produce/secrete synovial fluid
fill joint cavity
reduces friction
reinforcements
ligaments
stabilizes joing
bursae
fliud filled
reduce friction
meniscus
cushions
deepens the joint
makes better fit for bone
fibrocartilage
types
plain joint
gliding bones
hinge joing
flexion and extention
ball & socket
rotation
flexion/extension
adduction/abduction