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Transport Processes (Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport (diffusion …

- - - - osmosis
  - - - all solutes diffuse through
      - little biological signicance
    - - don't allow anything to pss
      - isolation barriers
    - - certain substances to pass
      - lipids/protein cell membranes
      - hydrophilic can only cross if special protein channels
    - - aquaporins
  - - - ATP :explode:
        
        splits into ADP + phosphate
      - molecular pump - protein
    - - proton pumping in respiration/photosynthesis
- - - - atoms, molecules, ions
  - - - protons, electrons, acetyl groups
  - - - few cell diameters
    - - cells not close
- - - - interconnected by plasmodesmata
        
        cytoplasmic channels
      - transport across plasma membrane
        
        osmosis
        
        molecular pumps
        
        fusion
        
        transport vesicles and plasma membrane
        
        apoplast
        
        the wall and the intercellular spaces
        
        in glands
        
        mostly intercellular spaces
        
        nonglandular
        
        mostly walls
  - - - somewhat shrunken and have little pressure
      - hydraulic surrounding
        
        in and out at same rate
    - - K+ actively transported
      - when they close
        
        less potassium
  - - - location
        
        midrib #
        
        point where petiole attaches to lamina or stem #
        
        motor cells
        
        similar to guard cells
- - - - leaves
        
        sugars are exported to other parts
        
        actively transported
        
        sieve tube members, sieve cells
    - - storage sites
        
        tubers, corms, wood, and bark parenchyma
    - - cotyledons and endosperm
  - - - permeable to monosaccharides/ disaccharide
      - impermeable to polysaccharides
      - STM/CC complex
- - - - cohesive
    - - interaction w/ other substances
      - all substances except lipids
    - - taking to top requires more energy
  - - - pulled upward by transpiration
      - most widely accepted model of the process
      - apoplastic space
    - - stomatal pores open water loss
    - - transcuticular transpiration
- - - - referred to as water potential
        
        can be increased many ways
        
        heat
        
        under pressure
        
        elevated
        
        can be decreased by
        
        cooling it
        
        reducing pressure
        
        lowering it
    - - pressure effect on water potential
      - water under pressure
        
        pressure/water potential increase
      - pressure decreases
        
        pressure/water potential dereases
      - megapascals or bars
        
        1 mPa = 10 bars
      - osmotic potential or matric potential
        
        osmotic
        
        solutes' effect
        
        matric
        
        water's adhesion
        
        always negative
  - - - makes cell turgid/flaccid
      - high/low water potential
    - - only animal cells
      - cells burst bc too much water
    - - walls don't let them
      - protoplast raises pressure potential
        
        counterbalance osmotic potential
      - immature ones grows, not burst
      - water loss, serious problem
      - incipient plasmolysis
        
        protoplast lost enough water
        
        pull slightly away from wall
    - - protoplast away from wall, wall shrink