Stalin _Asif_Attawala
The Emergence of Stalin's Authoritarian State
Consolidation and Maintenance of Stalin's Power
Aims and Results of Policies
Economic Factors
Conditions
Methods
Use of legal methods
Show Trials
Purges
The Great Terror
Later Purges
Early purges
Cult of Personality
Socialism In One State vs. Permanent Revolution
Nazi-Sovet Non Agression Pact
Aims and results
World War 2
Socialism In One State was Stalin's idea, while Trotsky supported Permanent Revolution. Stalin wanted to better Russia without interactions with other countries to show the power of a communist state. Permanent Revolution was to spread communism all over, little by little, and change old attitudes of all countries. Stalin wanted to improve Russia first and then others.
Stalin aligned with United States, but tensions started to build up, causing The Cold War. Stalin was known as a great leader as he defeated Hitler. The Soviet Union found success in World War 2. Stalin had imposed many harsh actions on the people fo USSR to be ready for war after Hitler's betrayal on Stalin.
1939: The USSR gets land back that they lost in 1918 to Germany. Poland is split for Germany and USSR. In 1941, Nazi soldiers invaded Moscow, Stalingrad, and Leningrad . This failed Stalin's trust in Hitler.
Compared to a god-like and divine figure
Purges of armed forces, the people, Doctor's Plot; everyone who brought harm to USSR
1936-38: This was a name for a time of scaring and terrifying people. Punishments were intense for the peasants who disagreed with collectivization or party members who were not fit for the party.
Moscow Trials of 1936-38: These were held to investigate matters dealing with Trotsky's followers. These trials were a showcase in a way which Stalin had a chance to get rid of his competitors and other opponents.
Mild; against military, leaders with opposing views of Stalin, people of USSR, and other leaders within the Party.
Commissar of Nationalities
Civil War
Russian Revolution
Lenin's death
War Scare 1927
Permanent revolution v Socialism in one state
The Scissor Crisis
Requisitioning
War communism
Ideology
Persuasion and coercion
Propoganda
The use of force
Lenin believed that the republics of the former Russian Empire
Would support a communist revolution and could be trusted to
bind themselves willingly to the Soviet Union. Stalin wanted to ensure that all the republics were tightly bound to the center and to the Bolshevik Party. He was convinced that the republics had to be ruled from a strong center and with strict discipline.
Period of tension following alleged interference by the USSR in the British General Strike of 1926 and the general election of 1927. The war scare reflected a fear that the Soviet Union was surrounded by enemies.
Stalin did not take a leading role in the October revolution, the planning of this was mostly the work of Trotsky and Lenin.
Three years of brutal civil war; Radical policies being imposed in areas controlled by the Red army. The White and Green armies were composed of forces opposed to the Bolsheviks. The Tsar and his family were executed.
Lenin had realized that Stalin was too powerful and recommended that he be removed from his position as General Secretary.
Stalin was aware of how much was at stake and was able to take advantage of the power vacuum far more effectively than any of his rivals.
Lenin Enrolment-encouraged people to join party as a mark of respect for the great leader.
Lenin wanted to ensure that food grown in the countryside was delivered to the cities to feed the workers and to the army to feed the soldiers.
Lenin reversed this policy to the NEP
Peasants had to hand over the food they produced which led to widespread famine.
The decline in the cost of food and the increase in the cost of industrial goods. Farmers produced less food.
Stalin's speeches about the successes of the Five Year Plans were printed in Pravda.
Art and culture-The aim was to capture soviet realism in literature
Securing his own position as the leader of the party and state
Defending the USSR
Education, religion, social mobility, role of women
Removal of his rivals-Stalin, Kamenev, Zinoviev formed Troika against Trotsky. He remained in the Politburo, but was no longer considered a potential leader for the party. The troika was disbanded. The left opposition became the United opposition in 1926 when Kamenev and Zinoviev were joined by Trotsky.
The great terror
Aims and Impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies
Economic Policies
The purge of engineers and managers included the Shakhty trials. The aim was to instill labor discipline and to punish anyone who could be blamed for failure to achieve quotas.
Collectivization
Five-Year Plans
2nd and 3rd
1st
Cultural policies
arts
social policies
The purge of the leadership of the party that followed the death of Sergei Kirov. The purge of the military on 1937 that targeted the officers of the armed forces. The purge of the communist part to ensure that all members were loyal to Stalin.
music
visual arts
literature
social
educational
impact of policies on women
This was the idea of having peasants work on big farms with other people and live together. Kolkhozi was the collective farms made to remove the private-owned farms by peasants. Stalin would have full control on the economic production and stability with this policy.
Stalin did not understand music but did not fear it either
The aim was to capture Soviet Realism
Also known as The Great Retreat: Women should return to traditional values. Abortion and divorce was declared illegal to encourage population growth. During World War 2, women helped with industrial work on the farms and in factories, while men were drafted by the Red Army to fight in the war. Women were trained as pilots too and were opened to more opportunities in different careers than in the past.
Propaganda Posters; limit opposition; no abstract art
Impact of policies on minorities
Stalin imposed deportation laws on minorities to other places
Children worked in factories and mines as young as 11 years and went to school. Stalin wanted them to learn the balance of school and practical work. Many managers seemed to be disturbed by the children and wanted to avoid having them in their work area.
Called for massive Increase in industrial output; Increase the production of the means of production
Production of heavy industrial goods. Make sure the Soviet Union had the resources to re-arm.