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Natural Moral Law (Introduction (Thomas Aquinas) (Aim of NML; (Natural…
Natural Moral Law
Introduction (Thomas Aquinas)
influenced by Aristotle
all things have a purpose that they work towards
humans are free but are flawed
telos - goal/end purpose
the end goal to the have a full, happy life and to be in unity with God
Natural Moral Law; rational understanding and following god final purpose
Absolutist; rules never change regardless of the situation
Subjective; rules do change depending on the situation
Aim of NML;
Natural World
Reason
Bible
Four Different types of Law
Eternal Law
God's will and wisdom
Absolutive
God deciding what is moral (killing is wrong)
Divine Law
given in scripture
God tells us what is moral (do not kill)
Natural Law
Fulfillment on Earth
we figure out what is moral/immoral (euthanasia)
Human Law
customs and practices in society
Laws are put in place by government (illegal/legal)
the laws of the nation
The Doctrine of the Double Effect
actions have more than one result
the book Summa Theologica
problem of killing in self-defence
it both upholds and goes against the Primary Precepts of preserving life
What is the motivation and what does reason tell us to do?
Criteria
the act must be good in itself
the act must be equal, preferably good
the intentions must be good
there must be a serious reason
Proportionalism
Bernard Hoose and Richard McCormick
subjective view
middle way between consequentialism and deontological ethics
Some think that proportionalism is just an extension of NML as it still looks at the Bible
Others think proportionalism is a new/different ethic as it is subjective not absolutive
Purpose of human life
Five Primary Precepts
live
learn
worship of god
order society
reproduce
Secondary Precepts
logical reasoning
absolutive
complex process of reasoning
subjective
this is what we do to fulfill the 5pp
'since all have sinned and fallen short of the glory of God' Romans 3:23
we try to be moral/good but we are humans are are sinful