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chapter 8 - The Nervous System (8.2 (neuroglia (there are 2 different…

- - - - seat of higher functions such as intellegence, memory, and emotion
- - - - satellite cells surround and support neuron cell bodies in the PNS , much as astrocytes do in the CNS
      - schwann cells cover every axon outside the CNS
  - - - sensory (ascending) pathways distribute information from sensory receptors to processing centers in the brain
      - motor (descending) pathways begin at the CNS centers concerned with motor activity and end at the skeletal muscle they control
- - - - a neuronal pool is a group of interconnected interneurons with specific functions
      - there are 2 types divergence, and convergence
        
        divergence is a mechanism for spreading stimulation to multiple neurons or neuronal pools in the CNS
        
        convergence is a mechanism for providing input to a single neuron from multiple sources
- - - - the tough, fibrous dura mater forms the outermost covering of the CNS.
      - between the dura mater of the spinal cord and the walls of the vertebral canal lies the epidural space, which contains loose connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose tissue
    - - a narrow subdural space separates the inner surface of the dura mater from the second meningeal layer, the arachnoid.
      - the arachnoid layer is a layer of squamous cells; deep to the this epithelial layer lies the subarachnoid space, which contains a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers
        
        the subarachnoid space is filled with CFS, which acts a shock absorber and transports dissolved gases, nutrients, chemical messengers, and wastes products
    - - the subarachnoid space separates the arachnoid from the innermost meningeal layer, the pia mater
      - the pia mater is bound firmly to the underlying neural tissue.