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Cell Basics (Organelles 1 (Mitochondria: This is the site of aerobic…
Cell Basics
Organelles 1
Mitochondria: This is the site of aerobic respiration, which produces ATP. Mitochondria are a big organelle.
Chloroplast: This is the site of photosynthesis. Some parts of photosynthesis happen in the stroma whereas other parts happen in the thylakoid membrane.
Nucleus: The nucleolus makes ribosomes using rRNA and proteins. The nucleus controls the transcription of mRNA meaning that it is involved in part of protein synthesis.
Golgi Apparatus: A group of straw-coloured, fluid filled membranes stacked on top of each other. It PROCESSES and PACKAGES new lipids and proteins. It also makes lysosomes.
Cell-surface membrane: The cell-surface membrane is mainly made up of lipids and proteins. It is the thing that controls movement of substances into and out of the cell. It also has receptors on it which allows it to interact with chemicals like hormones.
Golgi vesicle: A small fluid-filled sack surrounded by a membrane that are produced by the Golgi apparatus. Stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell.
Organelles 2
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Cell Wall: A rigid structure that surrounds plant, algal and fungi cells. In fungi it's made of chitin, whereas, in plant cells, it is made up of cellulose. It supports the structure of the cells and helps it maintain its shape.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. The surface is covered in ribosomes. Folds and Processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.
Ribosomes: A very small organelle that floats free in the cytoplasm and can also be found attached to the REM. It is the site where proteins are synthesised in translation.
Cell Vacuole: A membrane-bound organelle that is found in the cytoplasm of plant cells. It contains a weak solution of sugar and salts.The membrane is called the tonoplast. It helps maintain the pressure inside of the cell, stopping plants from wilting. It can also isolate unwanted chemicals in the cell.
Lysosome: A round organelle surrounded by a membrane It's a type of Golgi vesicle, which is also produced by the Golgi apparatus. They contain digestive enzymes, called lysozymes. They can be used to hydrolysed worn parts of the cell, or pathogens.
Random uses
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They have lots of mitochondria, meaning lots of ATP is produced resulting in more active transport.
Sperm cells contain many mitochondria, and so, produce a lot of energy so that ti can use its tail to propel itself towards the egg.
General
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Organelles are the components that make up cells. If you view a cell with an electron microscope you can view the organelles inside of it.
Eukaryote - A multi-cellular organism (plants, humans, etc).
Specialised cells group together to form tissues. Different tissues group together top form an organ. Different organs make up an organ system.