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Methods used to establish Castro's rule (ideology (Cuban nationalism,…
Methods used to establish Castro's rule
role of leaders
Fidel Castro:
credible (lawyer for the poor), (attempts to follow the parliamentary process)
charisma,
active in armed struggle,
rhetorical skills (Moncada trial 1953:
History will absolve me-speech),
amnesty of 1955
personality cult: Cigars, beard
Ernesto "Che" Guevara:
Anti-capitalist,
anti-imperialist,
shaped by coup against Arbenz in Guatemala 1954
Argentinian doctor --> international movement
Good looks - charisma
personality cult
Raul Castro:
Fidel's younger brother,
also active in armed struggle
Marxist
use of force
Moncada attack 26/7/1953:
Failure,
Trial puts Castro on the map
--> M 26-7
Granma expedition and Santiago attacks (1956):
Trained guerilleros (Mexico)
Failure --> few survivors
--> Beginning of guerilla campaign
Sierra Maestra campaign (1956-59):
Guerilla warfare,
urban sabotage
Operation Verano failed in 1958:
Batista loses US support --> flees the country
propaganda
History will Absolve me - speech
Guerilla campaign
International journalists (English)
Herbert Matthews NYT, CBS TV interview
newspaper (El Cubano Libre)
Radio Rebelde
Rotating troops: Exaggerating size
Leaflets
Post 1959
Charm offensive in the US (1959): I am not a communist
Speech in Havana (2.1.1959) - white dove
ideology
Cuban nationalism
José Marti (ideological foundation):
Anti-Imperialism,
Independence
Social justice
Moncada Programme:
Land reform (redistribution),
sharing of company profits (55%, 30%),
end corruption
Sierra Maestra manifesto (1957):
political reform,
agrarian reform,
education
Renouncing communism
persuasion and coercion
Campaigns appealing to agricultural workers (guajiros) Literacy
medical support
Sierra Maestra campaign: M 26-7 in Oriente
Highlighting the contrast to corrupt Batista:
Paying for food,
execution of rampage guerilleros
Robin Hood attitude
Allowing captured soldiers (Batista's troops) to join