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Digestive System (Cirrhosis (chronic destruction of the liver cells…
Digestive System
Cirrhosis
chronic destruction of the liver cells accompanied by the formation of fibrous connective and scar tissue
caused by hepatitis, bile duct disease, chemical toxins, malnutrition, caused by alcoholism
S/S liver enlargement, anemia, indegestion, nasea, edema is legs, vomit blood, jaundice
Disoriented, hallucinations, conusions
treatment- preventing further damage to liver. Avoid alcohol, get proper nutrition, vitamins, rest, excercise.
Ulcer
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gurning pain, indegestion
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Mouth, Buccal, or Oral Cavity
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Gastric juices
Hydrochloric acid
kills bacteria, helps absorb iron, and activates pepsin
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Gallbladder
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under the liver, attached by connective tissue
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Appendicitis
acute inflammation of the appendix, usually results from an obstruction and infection
S/S- generalized abdominal pain that later localizes at the LRQ, N/V, mild fever, and increased WBC
If apppendix ruptures, the material will go into the periotineal cavity and cause peritonitis
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Cholecystitis
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when the gallstones form from crystalized cholesteral bile salts, and bile pigments the condition
S/S occur frequentyl after eating fatty foods, idegedtion, N/V, pain that starts under the rib cage and radiates to the right shoulder
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Constipation
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fecus becomes too hard, dry, difficult to eliminate
Causes are poor bile habits, chronic laxative use,
treatment- high fiber diet, fluids, excercise
Diarrhea
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causes are infections, stress, diet, irrated colon, toxic substances
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treatment- directed to eliminating the cause, replacing lost fluid and modiying diet
Diverticulitis
iflammation of the diverticula that form in the intestines and mucoosal lining pushes through the surrounding muscle
fecal material and bacteria can get trapped, inflammation cna occur, and can result in rupture resulting in peritonitis
S/S abdominal pain, irregular bowel movemets, flatus, constipation/diarrea, abdominal distention, fever, N/V
Treatment- antibiotics, stool softening med, painful high fiber diet, severe cases surgery
pancreatitis
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S/S severe abdominal pain, n/v, diaphoresis, jaundice,
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Alimentary Canal
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organs- salivary glands, tongue, teeth, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Pharynx/throat
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when bolus swallowed, epiglottis closes to prevent food from entering respiratory tract
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Small Intestines
about 20 feet long, 1 inch in diameter
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divided into 3 sections
duodenum- first 9-10 inches, where bile from teh gallbladder and liver and pancreatic juices enter this section through ducts
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large intestines
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about 5 feet long, 2 inches in diameter
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Pancreas
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produces insulin which is secreted into the blood stream, regulates burning of carbs to convert glucose to energy
Hepatitis
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Type A
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vaccines available, more serious than A
Type C
Sharing needles, getting stuck with needles during birth
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fever, anorexia, n/v, fatigue
fark colored stools, myalgia, clay colored stool,
treatment- rest, diet high in protein, calories low in fat. liver transplant
Hernia
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S/S- heartburn, stomach distension, chest pain, difficulty swallowing
Treatment- bland diet, small frequent meals, staying upright, surgical repair
Peritonitis
inflammation if abdominal periotoneal cavity, usually when a rupture of the intestines allows the contents to leak into the abdominal cavity
abdominal pain, distention, fever, n/v
treatment- antibiotics, surgical repair
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