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Mind Map 2 (Chapter 6 (Family Court- usually hear cases involving family…

- - - - Expert Witness: testify about findings and research on relevant issues
      - Evaluator: assess individuals through interviews and tests
      - coach: offer support to either parent or child, educate litigants about the process etc.
      - Review expert: examine work, offer appraisal of quality, highlight any issues, offer thoughts abt what was presented
      - consultant: inform attorneys of findings, assist in trials, help develop questions
      - Mediator: help manage distraught clients, help negotiate settlements
    - - When children are involved, state laws require that custody be determined for all dependent children under the age of 18
      - Best interest of the child standard: does not presume that either parent is naturally better than the other, in the vast majority of custody cases- mother receives primary custody
      - Least detrimental alternative standard: they argued that psychological knowledge cannot determine which custody arrangement is truly in the best interest of the child
      - Approximation rule: encourages the court to look at how much care taking has occurred in the past from each parent and to make a decision which more closely approximates that past involvement
      - Friendly parent rule: best for children of divorce to remain in contact with both parents, custody is weighed toward the parent who is most likely to encourage contact with the other parent
      - it is recommended that the psychologist seek clarification from the court or from attorneys for further information and relevant documents if clarification is needed
      - Psychologists use a variety of psychological inventories, interview questionnaires, and tests. also gather information form electronic sources, face-to-face contact, and observation of family intervention
    - - help courts to decide whether visitation rights should be limited or abrogated completely, ex: on the bases of such an assessment, the family court judge may decide that all visits be supervised by guardian or court appointed social worker
      - involves interviewing both parents, and possibly the child.
    - - must consider the following:
        Childs relationship with parent that is moving
        consider Childs age and impact of relocatation, as well as developmental stage,
        feasibility of preserving the relationship between the child and the non relocating party
        take Childs preference into consideration
        establish if there is a pattern of conduct of either party
        Assess if relocating would enhance quality of life of child
        assess reasons and motivation of each party for seeking or opposing relocation
        consider any present or past abuse committed by either party and if there is a continued risk
        consider any other factor affecting the best interest of the child
    - - Some children of divorce are resilient and adjust quickly to the divorce. Some children on the other hand react negatively to the divorce of their parents
  - - - Types of relief:
        an injunction
        specific performance requirement
        monetary compensation
        
        An injunction: the plaintiff desires the ongoing harmful behavior to stop
        
        Damages fall into two classifications:
        compensatory- intended to make up for the harm suffered by the plaintiff
        punitive- assessed when the harm done is so grave that the judge or jury believes the defendant should receive extra punishment
        
        in order to receive damages, the plaintiff must first be able to show some physical, emotional, or mental injury as a result of the actions of the respondent. Must also prove that the defendent either committed the harmful act intentionally
  - - - decision making groups: persons hospitalized with serious medical illness, persons hospitalized with medical illness, and community volunteers who were not patients
      - Macarthur competence assessment tool: ability to state a choice, ability to understand relevant information, ability to appreciate the nature of one's own situation, ability to reason with the information provided
  - - - In the case of intellectual disability, commitment to a care facility can be achieved by a less rigid standard
- - - - peer rejection is strong predictor of later persistent offending, begins early, aggression
- - - - In order to be considered competent enough to stand trial, the defendant must understand what essentially is going on. He or she must have clear understanding of the charges and the possible repercussions of the crime. The defendant must be able to assist his or her lawyer in the trial
        
        Competency Assessment Tools:
        
        Drugs are the most common way to restore competence
      - If found not competent, the charges are dropped and the suspect is put into involuntary treatment in an institution
    - - Several tests used such as: Right/Wrong test, Right/Wrong test with Volitional Prong, Product Rule,Model Penal Code, and IDRA
      - A person can be insane/competent, sane/incompetent, insane/incompetent or sane/competent
      - Not guilty by reason of insanity:
        usually a rare plea, most juries decide this on a moral ground, guilty but mentally ill
  - - - rehabilitative model of corrections
        focused on rehabilitation of suspect
    - - Punishment fits the crime
        Harsher penalties
        More focused on punishing the suspect within proper restraints of the law
  - - - The first case to consider mitigating the death penalty, Lockett vs Ohio- Lockett was convicted of murder as an accomplice in a robbery in which the owner was killed, she drove and encouraged the robbery.
- - - - causes of violence:
        biological factors
        socialization factors
        cognitive factors
        situational factors
- - - - Uniform Crime Reports categorizes sexual offenses into two categories: Forcible Rape and Sexual Offenses
      - National Incident Based Reporting System categorizes crimes into two major categories: Group A and Group B
      - Other types of rape crimes: Statutory rape- unlawful sexual interaction with a person younger than age of consent
        Rape by fraud: The act of having sexual relations with a consenting adult female under fraudulent conditions
    - - As a group, they tend to be young. 41% are younger than 25. 15% tend to be younger than 16 years old
      - Many men that are convicted of rape, manifest a wide spectrum of antisocial behavior in their early life
      - Have a history of prior non sexual offenses
      - Often deficient social skills
    - - believe that rape is a multideterminated behavior that can be best explained by models incorporating a multitude of dimensions.
        the researcher identified 4 categories of rapists: Opportunistic, pervasively angry, sexual, vindictive
        6 variables: aggression, impulsivity, sexual fantasies, social competence, sadism, naive cognitions or beliefs
    - - predominately clinically developed and has not been adequately tested for reliability and validity
        Divides rape into anger rape, power rape, and sadistic rape