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Science and technology (Telescope (NISAR (NASA ISRO synthetic aperture…

- - - - Some communication satellite are there coz it is near earth and evening for satellite phones
      - There will be multiple satellite as they would orbit the Earth more frequently
      - Earth observations satellite
      - Microsat
        
        By DRDO
        
        For test Conduct of ASAT, Anti Satellite Launch Vehicle
        
        Mission Shakti
        
        Kinetic Kill
        
        No explosion, Speed Based kill of Satellite
    - - Gps
    - - Most of the communication satellite
      - Takes 24hra to compete one revolution
      - Makes as shape of 8 with respect to earth
      - 4 satellites of IRNSS
        
        Only visible from India
    - - 3 satellites of IRNSS
        
        At height of 3600km
        
        Always stationary
        
        Above equator
    - - GSAT 7A
    - - Also called L1 orbit
        
        Aditya L1
      - Also Called Halo Orbit
  - - - PSLV(Polar satellite Launch vehicle)
        
        PSLV DL
        
        Dual Strap on Motors
        
        PSLV CA
        
        Core Alone -1100 kg
        
        PSLV XL
        
        6 Xtra Large Strap on Motors
        
        PSLV G
        
        6 standard Strap on Motors
        
        PSLV QL
        
        4 Strap on motors
        
        Launched 1st April
        
        EMISAT
        
        Ship Navigation and Communication
      - GSLV(Geosynchronous Launch vehicle)
  - - - Largest domestic communication satellite system
    - - Weight 3423kg
      - Ka/Ku band
        
        Lower energy band
        
        Infrared
        
        Radio waves
        
        Not used for communication as they are reflected by an ion in the ionosphere
        
        Microwave
        
        L band
        
        S band
        
        C band
        
        K band
        
        12-18Ghz
        
        Ku band
        
        12-18Ghz
        
        Q band
        
        33-50Ghz
        
        Decline of Nandas
        
        V band
        
        40-75Ghz
        
        They are able to penetrate the ionosphere
      - Q/V band payload
        
        Only for technology demonstration
    - - GSAT 11
        
        Weight 5854kg
        
        High throughput communication satellite
        
        Doing data communicate at much higher capability
        
        GSAT 19,11,29
        
        Improved service of 16 gbps
        
        Application
        
        Supporting Bharatnet
        
        VSAT terminals
        
        Very small appreture terminal
        
        The antenna is small
        
        Allow flight passenger to use internet
        
        Drive broadband of India
        
        Multi spot bean coverage
        
        40 transponders
        
        32 ku band
        
        8 Ka band
      - GSAT 7A
        
        GSLV MKII
        
        Mostly by Airforce
        
        2250 Kg
        
        Boost drone application
        
        GSAT 7
        
        For Navy
        
        Called Rukmini
        
        2000 Nautical miles of Indian ocean
      - GSAT 31
        
        Using Arian 5
        
        From French Guiana
        
        2535 Kg
        
        Application
        
        VSAT Network
        
        DTH
        
        Cell connectivity
        
        ATMS
        
        Television uplinks
    - - Lower earth orbit
      - IRS 1A, 1998
      - Sun synchronous orbit
        
        Resoursesat1,2,2a
        
        CARTOSAT 1,2,2A,3B
        
        Risat 1&2
        
        OCEANSAT 2
        
        Saral and SCATSAT
        
        HySIS
        
        Hyperspectral imagining satellite
        
        Taking better images
        
        Study earth surface in visible, near infrared, and shortwave
        
        Distinct identification of objects, materials or process on Earth by reading the spectrum for each pixel of a scene from space.
        
        Key component
        
        Optical imaging detector
        
        Heart of the system
        
        Indigenously development of india by ISRO
        
        Fabricated at a semiconductor lab in Chandigarh
      - Geostationary orbit
        
        I SAT 3D,3DR
        
        Kalpana and INSAT 3A
    - - Gps
        
        At anytime 4 satellite should be visible to us
        
        GPS Constellation arrangement
        
        Systems
        
        GPS us
        
        GLONASS Russia
        
        BeiDou china
        
        Quasi enith Japan
      - Use of radio receivers to receive signal from satellite to determine position, speed or local time.
      - Trilateration principle
        
        Applied for estimation of position from 3 in range radio towers or satellite to pinpoint the position
      - Satellite of india
        
        In middle Earth orbit
        
        GAGAN System
        
        GPS aided Geo Augmented navigation
        
        Jointly with Airport Authority of India
        
        User requirement of positioning, navigation and timing services based on indigenous system
        
        Regional satellite
        
        IRNSS
        
        Need for emergency situation
        
        O objective is reliable positioning, navigation and timing over India and its neighbours up to 1500kms from its boundary
        
        Two types of services
        
        Standard positioning system
        
        Open for civilians
        
        Restricted service
        
        Encrypted one, only for armed forces
        
        7 satellites
        
        3 are geostationary
        
        4 are in Geo synchronous orbit
        
        IRNSS I using PSLV C41 in April 2018
        
        One satellite malfunctioned due to atomic clock
        
        IRNSS A was replaced with H(Did not succeed) later by IRNSS I
        
        Application of IRNSS
        
        Not yet used by civilian
        
        Is had not yet developed the chip to receive signals by NAVIC system
        
        NAVIC
    - - Human spaceflight programme
      - GAGANYAAN
      - Key components
        
        Building habitable module
        
        Life support system
        
        Astronaut training
        
        Capability for recovering astronaut
        
        Crew escaping system
      - Key challenges
        
        Technology
        
        GSLV MKIII to be human rates
        
        Successful prototype tests for RLV, CES
        
        Life support system
      - The human flight center
        
        At Bengaluru
        
        Hub for ISRO manned mission
    - - Planned mission for study of sun
      - Lagrange points
        
        Stable point where the object takes similar amount of time with respect to a small body revolving around a larger body
        
        L2 point
        
        Behind the second body i.e. earth
        
        L1 point
        
        Stable point between 2 bodies
      - Study the Corona of SUN
    - - India as only country to reach Mars in it's very first attempt
      - Mangalyaan
        
        Spacecraft
        
        Orbiting mars
        
        Look for methane deposits
      - First interplanetary mission
      - Mars or iter mission 2.0
        
        To study CO2
    - - Chandrayaan 1
        
        1380kg
        
        Remote sensing
        
        Planetary science
        
        700 Watts onboard power
        
        Pslv
      - Chandrayaan 2
        
        Orbiter, lander, Rover configuration
        
        Composite stack into the earth parking orbot
        
        Objective
        
        Study atmosphere
        
        3d lunar map
        
        Presence of water
        
        Helium 3 presence
        
        GSLV
    - - Study of space objects
      - Optical, ultraviolet, low and high energy rays
- - - - GROWTH
        
        global relay of observation watching transient happens
  - - - For a month
      - Given lectures, access to R&D labs and practical traininf
  - - - Have on trading and integrate a satellite
  - - - Formally established MG science institute
- - - - Observe exoplanets
      - Focus on Goldilocks zone
        
        Where water exists in liquid form
      - Now retired
      - Stated in 2009
      - Identified around 3000 exoplanets
    - - April 2018
      - First image in May 2018
      - Objective
        
        Area 400 times larger
        
        Aboard space X Falcon 9
        
        Observe roughly 85% of the sky
        
        Lifetime only 2 years
        
        Highly elliptical orbit around the Earth an apple
    - - International collaboration of NASA, European space agency, and Canadian space agency
      - Observatory of next decade
      - Study infrared rays coming from universe
      - In L2 for shade
      - Some innovative technology
        
        Working at almost absolute zero temperature
        
        Test Court sized five layer sunshield the attenuates heat from the sun.
    - - Star planet activity research cubesat
        
        NASA funded telescope
    - - M mature changed in Earth's ice sheet
      - Series 2018
      - Laser altimter
        
        ATLAS
        
        advaced topographic laser altimeter system
    - - Transportation vehicle to international space station
      - By Russia's
  - - - Lad on far side of the Moon
  - - - To study Mercury
      - 7 years jpurney
      - 2 probes
        
        Bepi
        
        Mio
- - - - Conducted experiment to study presence of CMBR
        
        At Timbuktu Andhra Pradesh