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Kidney (Water compartments (Leaky= Evaporation ("Insensible"…
Kidney
Water compartments
Measurement: 1-by-1
why: some diseases only affect composition/vol of 1
How: indicator dilution method
inject known vol of a solution of known conc of a marker => disperse => M1V1= M2V2
ECF
Def: anything outside of the cell membrane
Composition: 150nM Na, 4mM K
Blood plasma
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Interstitial Fluid
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Measure the whole ECF
Molecule: exchange bet plasma & ISF but not taken up by cells
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ICF
Largest compartment
Composition: reverse of ECF
Measure
Total body water
Why: only route to body = through ECF
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60% H2O standard man
Leaky= Evaporation
"Insensible" water loss
Where: Respiratory tract & skin surface
700mL/day
Why: no conscious awareness
Not the same as sweating
Worse when:
Env = dry => cold weather; high altitudes
Skin compromised = burn victim
Evaporation cooling
100mL/day (can be higher)
Up to several liters/hour
Depend on:
Activity lvl
Outside env
Worse when
Hot outside
Exercise vigoriously
Digestive tract
100 mL/day
Worse when:
Gut: infection/ inflammation
Ex: Sever cholera- 20L/day lost
Excretion by kidneys
Loss: Varies => Avg: 1L or 2L/day
Worse when:
Kidneys/adrenal glands = not working right
Balance H2O loss
Intake: 2500mL/day
200mL fr carb metabolism
Drink: 6-8 cups/day
Optimal 2L/day
Dehydrated: thirst mechanism (physiological sense)
Osmolarity