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Beethoven: 'Pathetique' (Tempo, metre & rhythm (Grave (very…
Beethoven: 'Pathetique'
Context
Classical Era
The pieces shows signs of the Romantic Era
Piano replaced harpsichord
Able to play dynamics
Sustain pedal
Piano sonata
Structure
Sonata Form
Exposition
1st subject = tonic key
2nd subject = dominant key
Development
Recapitulation
Both subjects in the tonic key
Slow introduction = unusual
Coda
Tonality
C minor
Modulates to Eb major (relative major)
Modulates to F minor (subdominant)
Modulates to unrelated keys such as E minor
Harmony
Chromatic chords
Diminished 7ths
Augmented 6th chords
Perfect cadences
Interrupted cadence at b. 9
Melody
Introduction is based on a 6 note motif
Scalic passages in the introduction
Descending chromatic scale at the end of the introduction
First subject built on an ascending scale
Arpeggios
Ornamentation used in the 2nd subject
Mordents
Trills
Acciaccatura
Texture
Homophonic chordal in the intro
Right hand in octaves
Mainly melody and accompaniment (homophonic)
Two part in the 2nd subject
Thirds used in b. 181-187
Tempo, metre & rhythm
Grave (very slow)
Dotted rhythms used in the introduction
Septuplets in b. 10
Allegro di molto e con brio (very fast with vigour)
Alla breve (cut time)
Continuous quavers in first subject
Staccato crotchets in first subject