Chapter 12:

Concepts

Water Potential

Short-Distance Intercellular Transport

Long-Distance Transport: Phloem

Diffusion, Osmosis, and Active Transport

Long-Distance Transport: Xylem

Ability to transport molecules against the direction they would have diffused in if alone

After death occurs, atoms, ions, and molecules diffuse, moving from regions of higher to lower concentration, and organization protoplasm decays; disorder increases

Diffusion is slower in controlled and oriented transport processes

Transport Processes- consume energy, and many are driven by the exergonic breaking of ATPs high-energy phosphate-bonding orbitals.

Specific transport at every level of biological

Ex: Cells transport material in and out of themselves as well as circulate it within the protoplasm.

Ex: Entire organisms transport nutrients from one organ to another

Short-Distance Transport: involves distances of a few cell diameters or less

Involve transfer of basic nutrients from cells with access to the nutrients to cells that need them

Became necessary to internal cell survival

Long-Distance Transport: between cells that are not close neighbors

Not essential in large plants

Ability to conduct over long distance is adaptive

Vascular tissues

Phloem

Xylem