LANGUAGE AS A MEDIATING TOOL

3 stages in the transformation of material forms of activity to mental forms of activity (Talyzina)

material action stage

students involved in activities with real objects associated with the concepts being developed

external speech stage

students formulate verbally what they carried out in practice

mental action stage

speech is reduces and automated, becoming inaccessible to self-observation

in an instructional studies conducted by Talyzina, the second stage (external speech stage) was omitted

they concluded that the omission of the external speech stage inhibited substantially the transformation of the material activity into a mental one

this is because verbalization helps the process for an action to be translated into conceptual form

A research involving adult advanced SL learners of English (Holunga, 1994)

To investigate the effects of metacognitive strategy training on the oral accuracy of verb forms

Divided into 3 groups

Metacognitive with verbalisation

Metacognitive without verbalisation

Comparison group

Error correction

Focus on meaning or form

To create effective social interaction

Conversational

Monitor errors

testing them

possible solutions

hypotheses

strategies

Evaluating

To understand the content