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Urinary system p1050 (Functions (Form & secrete urine (excrete waste,…
Urinary system p1050
Functions
Erythropoietin
Form & secrete urine
excrete waste
regulate body H2O
Renin - control BP
Vit D synthesis
Secrete Prostaglandins
Renal clearance - solutes from plasma
Medications
spironolactone
Urinary alkaninizers
HCTZ
ciprofloxacin
furosemide
Nitrofurantoin
Acute kidney injury and Chronic kidney disease
Chronic KF
Acute KI
Causes
Intra-renal
Direct damage to kidney tissue - impaired nephron function. Nephrotoxic injury-drugs, contrast media, hemolytic blood trans.severe crush injur. chemicals - ethyl alcohol, lead, arsenic, INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS- allergies, AB, NSAID, Infections -
OTHER - malign HPT, toxaemia of preg,
Post renal
Mechanical obstruction of the outflow of urine,urine refluxes into the renal pelvis, impairing kidney
function. The
BPH, Ca bladder, Calculi, spinal cord diseases, strictures, trauma
Pre-renal
Ext. to kidney - reduced syst. circ & renal blood flow - decreased glomular perfusion and filtration
Hypovolaemia - dehydration, HF, decrease CO, Dec. per. vacular resistance, Decrease renal vascular blood flow
Dialysis
hemodialysis
Peritoneal
Kidney transplant
Assessment
Blood Urea Nitrogen, Creat Clear, Urinalysis, Serum Creat, MCS, Intravenous Pyelogram, Renal angiogram, X-rays, Retrograde Pyelogram, U/S, cystogram, urethrogram, Renal biopsy, Renal scan
Inspect, palpate, percuss, auscultate
Painful urination, flank pain, change in characteristics or urination, change in colour, nocturia, fatigue, change in urine output, edema, change in urine output, headache, N&V, Pruritis, Anorexia, Blurred vision.
Obstructive Uropathies
Urinary tract calculi
Strictures
Renal Trauma
Renal Vascular problems
Renal artery stenosis
Nephrosclerosis :
Renal vein thrombosis
Bladder dysfunction
Urinary incontinence
Stress, urge, overflow, reflex, functional, post trauma/surgery
Fluid balance, Rx constipation - behaviour - timed voiding, prompted voiding, Habit retraining - timed at more freq interval - reestablish sensation of need to void, Bladder retraining - timed void with urge inhibition, Kegels, Vaginal cone, Transvaginal/transrectal electric stimulation,
Catheterization
Urinary retention
BPH, DM, infection, tumor, calculi, Parkinsons spinal cord injury, pelvic injury, Multiple sclerosis, CVA - certain medications
Surgical procedures
Nephrectomy
Urinary Diversion
Cystectomy
Infections and inflammatory disorders
Urethral Diverticula, Interstitial cystitis, renal TB
UTI
Urethritis, Cystitis, Pyelonephrtis, urosepsis
Immunological disorders
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome
Tumours
Kidney cancer
Bladder cancer
Hereditary
Polycystic kidney
Anatomy and physiology