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Urinary System (Urine (polyguria (excessive urination), retention…
Urinary System
Urine
1500mL - 2000 produced daily
waste products- urea,uric acid, creatinine, mineral salts, various pigments
polyguria
excessive urination
retention
inability to to empty bladder
dysuria
painful urination
oliguria
below normal amounts of urination
anuria
absence of urination
hematuria
blood in the urine
pyuria
pus in the urine
nocturia
urination at night
proteinuria
protein in the urine
incontinence
involuntary urination
albuminuria
albumin in the urine
Kidney
shaped like a bean
on either side of the vertebrae column, behind the upper part of the abdominal cavity, and seperated from the cavity by the periotoneum
protected by the ribs and fat
Cortex
outer portion where most nephrons are
medulla
inner section of kidney
Hilum
a notched or indented area through which the ureter, nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels leave and enter the kidney
Nephrons
microscopic filtering untis located in kidneys, there are 1 million in each kidney
Bladder
muscular sac that lies behing the symphysis pubis and at the midline of the pelvic cavity
lined with mucous membranes in serious of folds, rugae.
3 layers of smooth muscle form walls
function is to store the urine until it is eliminated from the body
Nephritis
inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney
acute glomerulonephritis is usually followed by a strept infection like strept throat
S/S chills, fever, fatigue, edema, oliguria, hematuria
Treatment- rest, salt restrictions, maintain fluid antipyretics, diruetics, all time antibiotics
kidney failure
Renal failure, when kidneys stop functioning
Acute renal failure can be caused by hemorrhage, shock injury, poisioning, hephritis, dehydration
S/S oliguria, anuria, headache, ammonia odor to breath, edema, cardiac arrythmia, uremia
Treatment- dialysis, restricted fluid intake, correction of the condition causing renal failure
Responsible to remove certain wastes and excess water from the body
maintains homeostasis
maintains acid base balance
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder, and urethra
Ureters
muscular tubes about 10-12 inches long
extend from the renal pelvis of each of the kidneys to bladder
peristalsis moves urine through tube to bladder
urethra
carries urine from the bladder to outside
female tubes are 1.5 inches long
Male tubes are 8 inches long
Cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
caused by pathogens entering the urinary system
S/S frequent urination, dysuria, a burning sensation during urination, bladder spasms, fever
Glomerularnephritis
repeated attacks can lead to chronic glomer. which causes scarring and sclerosing of the glomeruli
S/S hematuria, hypertension, edema, weightloss, fatigue, edema, anemia, anorexia, CHF, renal failure
Treatment- treats the symptoms
Pyleonephritis
inflammation of the kidney tissue and renal pelvis usually caused by pus forming bacteria
S/S chills, fever, back pain, fatigued, dysuria, hematuria, pyuria
Treatment- antibiotics, increased fluid intake
Kidney Stones
renal calculus or urinary calculus is a kidney stone formed when saltsin the urine precipitate. Some can eliminate through time
S/S pain in hematuria, nasea, vomitting, urge to urinate, urinary retention
Treatment- increase fluids, pain meds, strain urine through filtered paper, some cases surgery
Chronic Renal Failure
Progressive loss of kidney function
Caused by glomerulonephritis, diarrhea, weight loss, decreased mental ability, muscle irratibility, coma, death
Treatment, dialysis, diet restrictions, carefu skin and mouth care, control fluid intake, kidney transplant
Uremia
AKA- azotemia, is a toxic condition that occurs when the kidneys fail and urinary waste products are present in the blood stream
S/S headache, dizziness, N/V/D, anuria, ammonia odor to breath, mental confusions, coma, death
Treatment- restricted diet, cardiac meds, increase BP, dialysis until kidney transplant
Urethritis
inflammation of the urethra, usually caused by bacteria or chemicals like a bubble bath. More common in males than females
S/S frequent painful urination, redness and itching at the urinary meatus, pus like discharge
Treatment- sitz bath, warm moist compresses, antibiotics, increased fluid intake