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Conditions that led to Castro's rise to power (social division (racial…
Conditions that led to Castro's rise to power
economic conditions
relatively strong economy
(by comp. with Latin America)
sugar farming
export dependency --> US
Great Depression 1929 - crash: High inflation
WWII alliance with US: High sugar prices
Low sugar prices post 1945
Corporate Imperialism:
Controlled by US corporations
weakness of the political system
puppet presidents: Dependent on US support
Gerardo Machado (1925-33) Dictator --> Sergeants' revolt (Batista)
Ramón Grau (1933-34) --> Conflict with US corp.
Montefur (1934-35) - Right wing
Puppet's controlled by Batista (controls the armed forces) - 6 presidents in 6 years
Batista (1940-44) - US support
Ramó Grau (1944-48)
Carlos Prío (1948-52)
Fulgencio Batista (1952-1959) - coup d'état
Fulgencio Batista:
suspends elections
BRAC
Mafia
brutal oppression of opposition
loss of US support
corruption: favoring the rich - cf. social division
Fractured opposition: Ortodoxos, Autenticos, PSP : all implicated with US, (except Ortodoxos)
Eddy Chibas: suicide
student protests
social division
racial divide
= economic divide
high illiteracy in Oriente
rich minority: (West) plantation owners
poor majority: (East)
high crime rate
urban/rural divide
tourist destination: Havana = US whorehouse: Casinos, prostitution
the impact of war
colonial legacy
Cuban wars of Independence (1868-78) (1879-1880)
(1895-1898)
José Marti (1853-95) nationalist, anti imperialist, martyr
Spanish-American war 1898
US tutelage
Platt Amendment 1901
Guantanamo Bay
WWII: Allied to the US --> sugar exports
Guerilla war (cf. methods):
Sierra Maestra campaign
Impact of Cold War (1948-89/91):
Red scare in the US