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HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEM (MOTHERBOARD AND CONNECTING DEVICES (Inside…
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEM
Computer languaje and function
Computers only use the numbers
0
and
1
The smallest unit of information that we can store on a computer ( 0 and 1 ) is called a
bit
Eight bits together form a
byte
Different multiples of a byte are used to store information
KILOBYTE - 1000 bytes MEGABYTE - 10000 kB GIGABYTE - 10000 MB TERABYTE - 1000 GB
ASCII
We give a code to each pf the letters of the alphabet
ASCII ( The American Standard Code for Information Interchange )
COMPUTER FUNCTIONS
Input of data using peripheral devices
Output of data using peripheral devices
Storing data in the storage devices
Processing data in the central processing unit (CPU),using the microprocessor and the memory
COMPUTER ELEMENTS
MICROPROCESSOR
- Is an integrated circuit made up of millions of tany transitions working together to process the instructions and data received from the memory
RAM
- the computer main memory is its RAM , saves the instructions and data of the applications so that later the microprocessor uses it
CACHE MEMORY
- The cache memory of a processor is a type of volatile memory (like RAM) , but very fast. Its function is to store instructions and data that the processor must access continuosly
ROM BIOS
- In Spanish "basic input and output system" is a software that locates and recognizes all the necessary devices to load the operating system into RAM; it is a very basic software installed on the motherboard that allows it to fulfill its purpose.
STORAGE DEVICES
Three types:
Magnetic disks
Optical discs
Solid-state memory (flash)
MOTHERBOARD AND CONNECTING DEVICES
Inside the computer you`ll find a large board ; we call it the motherboard .All the other components of the computer are coneccted to it . You can find several components inside:
SLOTS
- These slots can be
PCI
or
PCI-Express
The
IDE
( integrated device electronics) or
ATA
(advanced technology attachment ) and
SATA
(serial
ATA
)
The chispet
Varius input / output ports
We need electrical energy to make all of this work
CONNECTING EXTERNAL DEVICES
Using an expansion slot on the motherboard , to connect a sound car or a graphics,for example
By especial connectors on the motherboard , for such devices as the hard disk , DVD drives and so on
Usinn the external ports on the side or backs of the computer , for example , the USB port
SOFTWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
There are various types of software:
OPERATING SYSTEM
: Manages the system resources , making them available for use by the user and the applications and the operating system is the first thing appears when you turn on your computer and the last thing you see when you are turning it off
APPLICATIONS
:Various types: - Word processors , spreadsheets , presentations , database management tools , drawing programs
PROGRAMMING LENGUAGES
: These programs can be used to create other programs and applications
FUNCTIONS OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM
Manages the microprocessor
Manages the memory and storage systems
Provides an interface or working environment
Allows communication between applications and peripheral devices
Installing and uninstalling programs
:
Now applications are usually installed online but before they were taken on CDs and DVDs :
Hard disk maintenence
: Cleaning the hard disk , defragmenting the hard disk and detecting and repairing errors
WINDOWS OPERATING SYSTEM
LINUX OPERATING SYSTEM
Installing and uninstalling programs
: Linux uses two package managers to help users automatically install applications downloaded from the Internet
1
: Añadir y quitar in the Aplicaciones menu. This is the easiest way to add and remove applications
2
: Synaptic package management programs . To open it , select Sistema & Administracion . This program gives you more control over the installation process
COMPUTER NETWORKS
: Is a set of computers connected to each other so that they can share resources and exchange information - We can divide computer networks into three categories , depending on their size :
Local area networks or LANs
Metropolitan area networks , made up of severals LANs
ELEMENTS IN A NETWORK
Hardware
Software
Client devices
Connection media
Wide area networks , covering a country or continent
SHARING RESOURCES IN WINDOWS
Sharing a printer
:
1
- To open the printers and faxes folder , go to Inicio & Impresoras y faxes . You can also access it through the Panel de control
2
- Right click on the printer that you want to share and select Compartir
3
- Select Compartir esta impresora
Sharing files and folders
: We can let other network users see our files , and access files on other computers
Sharing a folder
:
1
Right click on the folder that you want to to share and select . Compartir y seguridad
2
Select Compartir esta carpeta en la red
SHARING RESOURCES IN LIRUX
Sharing a computer
: To create your user account , go to Sistema - Administracion - Usuarios y grupos
Sharing a printer
: Go to Sistema - Administracion - Impresoras to open the printer confuguration tool , Confuguracion de la impresora. Here you can install and manage printers
Sharing folders
: To access a shared folder saved on another computer in the local network , go to Lugares - Red .
Double click on an workgroup to see the computers in that group .Select one from the group to access its shared files
To share a folder on your own computer with other computers , right click on that folder and select Opciones de comparticion . You will need to specify how that folder will be shared :
Nombre compartido
Comentario
