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Mod 31-33 (Vocab (memory- the persistence of learning over time through…
Mod 31-33
Vocab
memory- the persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
recall - a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier as on a fill in the blank test
recognition - a measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test
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encoding - the process of getting information into the memory system - for example by extracting meaning
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short term memory - activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as digits of a phone number while calling before the information is stored or forgotten
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working memory - a newer understanding of short term memory that adds conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual information and of information retrieved from long term memory
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automatic processing - unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space time and frequency and of well learned information such as word meaning
implicit memory - retention of learned skill or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection
iconic memory - a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli a picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
echoic memory - a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli if attention is elsewhere sound and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
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mnemonics - memory aids especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
spacing effects - the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice
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deep processing - encoding semantically based on the meaning of the words tends to yield the best retention
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hippocampus - a neural center located in the limbic system helps process explicit memory for storage
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long term potentiation - an increase in a cells firing potential after brief rapid stimulation a neural basis for learning and memory
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encoding specificity principle - the idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it
mood congruent memory - the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood
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proactive interference - the forward acting disruptive effect of older learning on the recall of new information
retroactive information - the backward acting disruptive effect of newer learning on the recall of old information
repression - in psychoanalytic theory the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts feelings and memories
reconsolidation - a process in which previously stored memories when retrieved are potentially altered before being stored again
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deja vu - that eerie sense that ive experienced this before. cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
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tips - make it meaningful, retrieval cues, mnemonic device, minimize interference, sleep, test youself
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1st - encode -get info into brain, 2nd - storage - retain info, 3rd - retrieval - get info back out
first it is a sensory, then short, then long term memory
learning can become automatic, like reading
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damage to hippocampus results in trouble retaining verbal info, but not visual designs or locations
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