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Unit 1: Industrialization (Economic Developments (Mercantilism (Trade…
Unit 1: Industrialization
Social
Developments
Age of Enlightenment
John Locke
Born with blank minds and must be educated
"Natural rights"
Thomas Hobbs
People are selfish and wicked
Need a strong ruler to keep order
Voltaire
Freedom of expression/ Religion
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Social equality and individual freedom
Ceasare Beccaria
Criticized justice system
Trial by jury
Anti- torture
Anti- capital punishment
Mary Wollstonecraft
First "feminist"
Women have right to be in politics
Pro- education
Industrial Revolution
Jobs shifted to factories
Urban Sprawl
Larger population
Economic Developments
Union Movement
Voluntary associations who represent workers
Shorter work hours
Better wages
Safer conditions
Worker protection
Believed workers had a right in occupation
The Abolitionist Movement
William Wilberforce
Abolishment of International Slave Trade
Mercantilism
Trade generates wealth/geopolitical power
Economic Self-Sufficiency
"Zero- sum"
Overseas colonies
Sea power
Markets for manufactured goods and raw material
Protectionism
Internal Taxes
Industrial Revolution
Farming
Industrialized countries gained wealth
Gap between classes grew
Political Developments
Marxism
Karl Marx/ Fredrich Engels
Communism
Classless
Common ownership of all resources
No private property
Communist Manifesto
Published in 1848
Basis for modern communism
Capitalism
Thomas Malthus/ David Ricardo/ Adam Smith
Gov. shouldn't interfere with economy
"Invisible Hand"
Personal profit
Trade/ Industry controlled by private owners
Socialism
Charles Fourier
Gov. should control some economy
Factories, Mills, Railroads etc.
Utilitarianism
John Stewart Mills/ Jeremy Bentham
Gov.action should promote policies for most people
Little government
Free to pursue own intrests