“Industry-based certifications are test-based credentials that, unlike certificates, associate’s degrees, and bachelor’s degrees, aren’t tied to formal programs of study. They are highly specialized and are typically earned after an individual completes formal postsecondary education, though they do not always require a postsecondary certificate or degree. IBCs are administered and accredited by third-party, […].” Carnevale and Hanson, 2015, Pg. 81
