Urinary system
Lecture 1
Also known as the excretory system
Is responsible fro removing certain wastes and excess water from the body
maintains homeostasis and acid-base balance
contains 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, bladder and urethra
Kidney
cortex
it is a bean shaped organ
the outer most portion where most of the nephrons are
medulla
the inner section of the kidney
Hilum
a notches or indented area through which the ureter, nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels leave and enter the kidney
nephrons
these are microscopic filtering units located in the kidneys. There is over one million nephrons per kidney
located on either side of the vertebral columns, behind the upper part of the abdominal cavity, and separated fro,m this cavity by the eperitoneum
protected by the ribs and a heavy cushion of fat
ureters
muscular tubes about 10 to 12 inches long
extend from renal pelvis of each kidney to the bladder
peristalsis moves urine through tube to bladder
bladder
muscular sac the lies behind the symphysis pubis and at the midline of the pelvic cavity
lines with mucus membranes in a series of folds called rugae. This rague disappears as the bladder fills with urine
three layers of visceral muscle form walls
function is to store the urine until it is eliminated from the body
urge to void occurs when the bladder contains approximately 250 ml
circular sphincter muscles control the opening of the bladder to prevent it from emptying
urine
liquid waste product
95% water
urea, uric acid, creatinine : , mineral salts, various pigments
cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
glomervlonephritis
inflammation of the glomervlvs of the kidney
lecture 2
Pyelonephritis
inflammation o the kidney tissue and real pelvis usually caused by pus forming bacteria
symptoms are chills, fever, back pain, ect.
treatments are antibiotics and increase fluid intake
kidney stones
renal cavity or urinary calculus is a kidney stone. Formed when salt in the urine precipitate. Some can be eliminated through urine
symptoms- pain sudden and intense crematoria, nausea, vomiting, frequent urge to urinate, ect.
treatment is to increase fluids, provide pain meds, strain all urine, ect.
kidney failure
renal failure when the kidney stops functioning
can be caused by hemorrhage, shock, injury, poisoning, ect.
treatments are restricted fluid intake, correction of the condition causing renal failure
what is chronic renal failure?
progressive loss of kidney function
Uremia
also called azotenia is a toxic condition that occurs when the kidneys fail and urinary waste products are present in the blood stream
symptoms are headache, dizziness odor of breath, metal confusion, ect.
treatments are restricted diets, cardiac meds, kidney transplants, ect.
urethritis
inflammation of the urethra caused by bacteria
painful urination, frequently, pus drainage, ect.
treatments are sitz bath, warm moist compresses, antibiotics, ect.