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Unit 1: Industrialization :warning: …
Unit 1: Industrialization :warning: 
Philosophers
- Thomas Hobbs- believed that people are wicked by nature, "social contract"
- John Locke- "Natural Rights"
- Voltaire(Francois Arouet)- believed in freedom / tolerance of religion and expression
- Jean Jacques Rousseau- campaigned for social equality and individual freedoms
- Ceasare Beccaria- criticized the European justice system (trial by jury, anti-torture, anti-capital punishment)
- Mary Wollstonecraft- one of the first feminists (pro-education, believed that women have a right to be involved in politics)
Societal Leaders
Adam Smith
- Wrote the Wealth of Nations
- Hated the mercantilism system
- Creator of Capitalism
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Reformers
- Adam Smith- laissez faire (A lack of interference in the economy)
- Jeremy Bentham- The Utilitarian Movement (little government involvement)
- Charles Fourier- The Socialist Movement (government controls factories, mills, railroads, etc.)
- William Wilberforce- The Abolitionist Movement (pushed to abolish the slave trade)
Working class
- The working class created unions where they fought for better wages, reasonable hours, and safer working conditions.
- Workers also tried to help stop child labor, give health benefits, and provide aid to workers who were retired or injured.
Communism / Marxism
- Classless / stateless society
- Common ownership of all resources
- No private property
- Social equality
- Proletariat = the working / lower class
- Bourgeoisie = upper class / gains from the work of the Proletariats
Capitalism
- Goods and services are produced for profitable gain
- Labor is the source of value
- The basic market mechanism is self-regulating
- A social division of labor will maximize the satisfaction
- The Law of Supply and Demand-Produce goods / services that others want, at prices others will be willing to pay
- Law of Competition- Competitive market system compels producers to be increasingly efficient and to respond to the desires of the consumers
- Laissez-faire- Government should interfere minimally
New major impacts
- New Methods of farming
- New styles of mass production(assembly line)
- More effective transportation (railroads, steam engine)
Major Problems
- Loss of natural resources
- Poor and unsanitary working conditions
- Increase in pollution
- Little protection for workers and even some children
Rush of new ideas
New Inventions
- Spinning Jenny, Water frame, Spinning Mule, Cotton Gin
- Automobiles, chemicals, railroads, telephone, telegraph, radio