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Heavy Metals (Cadmium image (Source (Ores - with zinc, copper and lead,…

- - - - Bound to albumin and metallothionein
    - - Induce production of metallothionein
        
        Form Cd-Metallothionein
      - Storage in the form of Cd-MT, Cd-Glutathione, Cd-Cysteine, Cd-Protein
      - Secretion via bile
      - Hepatocyte necrosis and apoptosis :warning:
      - Cd-MT released into blood after that
    - - Main organ for Cadmium accumulation
      - Half life = 10 years
        
        Take 5 half-life (i.e. 50 years) to eliminate
      - Tubular cells necrosis :warning:
        
        Acute kidney failure
  - - - SOB, lung edema, pneumonitis
    - - Vomitting
      - Diarrhoea
  - - - No chelation therapy available
      - Dimercaprol, penicillamine and EDTA are contraindicated! :forbidden:
    - - Removal from exposure
      - gastric lavage
      - charcoal
- - - - arsenic trioxide
      - arsenic acid
  - - - Alter the function of pyruvate dehydrogenase
        
        Results in dysfunctional Acetyl CoA
        
        Reduced ATP production
        
        Reduced gluconeogenesis
        
        Reduced oxidative phosphorylation
        
        Increase in free radicals
  - - - n&v
      - abdominal pain
      - diarrhoea
    - - Tarchycardia
      - shock
    - - acute encephalopathy
      - coma
      - seizure
    - - AKI
    - - respiratory failure, eventually death
  - - - Hyper/hypopigmentation
      - hyperkeratosis
- - - - hence not used in chronic toxicity
  - - - Oral/IV
      - May interfere with calcium, iron and magnesium absorption :!: