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Microbial diversity (Bacteria conjugation-contact2 (Photosynthetic…

- - - - Gram-negative rod
      - thermophile
      - microaerophilic
      - chemolithoautotroph
      - electron donor
        
        hydrogen, thiosulfite, and sulfur
      - electron acceptor
        
        oxygen
  - - - Thermotoga
    - - geothermal areas
    - - functional glycolytic pathway
      - anaerobically
  - - - Deinococcales
      - Thermales
    - - pairs or tetrads
      - Gram-positive
      - plasma membrane has large amounts of palmitoleic acid
  - - - green sulfur bacteria
        
        sulfide rich areas
        
        chlorosomes
        
        No flagella
        
        gas vesicles
        
        Obligate anaerobic photolithoautotrophs
      - anoxygenic photosynthesis
      - Chlorobium
      - Prosthecochloris
      - Pelodictyon
    - - green nonsulfur bacteria
      - anoxygenic photosynthesis
      - photosynthetic
        
        Chloroflexus
        
        filamentous
        
        thermophilic
        
        anoxygenic photosynthesis
        
        aerobically
        
        chemoheterotroph
      - nonphotosynthetic
        
        Herpetosiphon
        
        non-photosynthetic
        
        filamentous
        
        aerobic
        
        chemoorganotrophs
        
        Habitat
        
        fresh water
        
        soil
    - - heliobacteria
    - - oxygenic photosynthesis
      - Chlorophyceae
      - Gram-negative
      - obligate photolithoautotrophs
      - chemoheterotrophs
      - storage
        
        carboxysomes
        
        cyanophycin
      - diameter
      - unicellular
      - colonial
      - filaments
        
        trichomes
      - phycobiliproteins
        
        phycobilisomes
        
        phycoerythrin
        
        red or brown
        
        phycocyanin
        
        blue-green
      - Calvin cycle
        
        fix CO2
        
        Synechococcus
        
        Prochlorococcus
      - chromatic adaption
        
        modulation of pigment concentrations
        
        different
        light
      - Phototaxis
        
        gas vacuoles
      - blooms in
        nutrient-rich ponds
        
        toxins
      - symbiosis
        
        phototroph
        
        lichens
        
        protozoa and fungi
        
        nitrogen-fixing
        
        carbon cycle
    - - sulfur
      - non-sulfur
      - anoxygenic photosynthesis
    - - Gram-negative thermophilic
  - - - anaerobic ammonia oxidation
      - nitrogen
        cycling in oceans
    - - stalk and holdfast
  - - - hosts
        
        protists
        
        animal cells
  - - - slender, long with flexible
        helical shape
      - motility
    - - creeping
      - axial filament
    - - hindguts of termites
      - digestive tracts of mollusks and mammals
      - oral cavities of animals
    - - Lyme disease
      - syphilis
  - - - digestion of cellulose, agar,
        chitin
  - - - Agrobacterium
      - Nitrobacter
      - Rhizobium
      - Rickettsia
    - - Chemoheterotrophs
      - Chemolithotrophs
    - - chemoorganotrophs
      - photolithotrophs
      - chemolithotrophs
      - methylotrophs
      - aerobic
      - anaerobic
    - - aerobic chemoorganotrophic, predators
        
        anaerobic, chemoorganotrophic, sulfur- and sulfate-reducers
    - - Campylobacteriales
      - Nautiliale
      - Slender Gram-negative rods
      - thermophilic
      - chemolithoautotrophic
  - - - Actinomycetes
        
        aerobic
        
        hyphae
        
        asexual spores
        
        adapt to climates similar
        to fungi
        
        antibiotics
        
        not motile
        
        metabolites
        
        anticancer
        
        antihelminthic
        
        immunosuppressive
        
        soil
        
        mineralization of organic matter
- - - - electron
        acceptor (anaerobic respiration)
      - electron source
    - - sulfur-oxidizing
      - hydrogen-oxidizing
    - - Sulfolobus
      - Thermoproteus
  - - - crenarchaeol
  - - - methanogens
        
        produce methane
        
        wastewater treatment
        
        energy source
        
        oxidize iron
        
        symbiotic relationships
        with certain bacteria
        
        carbon/sulfur cycling
      - halobacteria
        
        Extreme halophiles
        
        require at least 1.5 M NaCl
        
        growth optima near 3–4 M NaCl
        
        Aerobic
        
        chemoheterotrophs with
        complex nutritional requirements
      - thermoplasms
        
        Thermoacidophiles
        
        Class: Thermoplasmata
        
        genera
        
        Thermoplasmataceae
        
        Picrophilaceae
        
        Ferroplasmataceae
        
        Lack cell walls
      - extremely thermophilic Sulfur-metabolizers
        
        Class: Thermococci
        
        Order: Thermococcales
        
        genera
        
        Thermococcus
        
        Paleococcus
        
        Pyrococcus
        
        have flagella
        
        Optimum growth
        
        88–100°C
        
        Strictly anaerobic
        
        Reduce sulfur to sulfide
      - sulfate-reducers
        
        class Archaeoglobi
        
        irregular coccoid cells
        
        cell wall: glycoprotein
        
        extremely thermophilic
        
        lithotrophic
        
        organotrophic
        
        electron acceptor
        
        sulfate, sulfite, or thiosulfite
        
        methanogen coenzymes