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Transport processes (Water Potential (Cells and Water Movement (Plant…

- - - - cell wall presses back with pressure
      - osmotic+pressure= -0.1MPa
    - - water potentials not equal
      - equilibrium occurs above 0.3MPa
      - cell must lose half its H2O to double O potential
    - - walls too strong
      - immature cells grow don't burst
      - cells pump solutes through the plasma membrane
      - water lass is a bigger problem
        
        losing too much causes wilting
        
        incipient plasmosis
        
        protoplast pulls away from wall
        
        cell loses water is not at equalibrium
  - - - heating
      - put under pressure
      - elevated #
  - - - H2O is cohesive
    - - one megapascal is 10 ATM
  - - - cell walls
      - membranes
      - soil particles
    - - soil water is bound to soil particles #
- - - - water enters and leaves at same rate
    - - internal pressure low
    - - when fully open
      - when fully closed
  - - - leaf can close in venus flytrap
- - - - behaving as if weakly bound together
      - when frozen bound strongly together
    - - in plants everything interacts with H2O
        
        except lipids
        
        makes it hard for water to move
    - - plants absorb water from moist soil
      - cant be pulled from dry soil
    - - plants cant pull H2O from salt
    - - takes energy to pull up
      - would take less energy if lighter
  - - - open stomal pores allow H2O loss
      - transstomatal respiration
    - - water moves upwards
      - negative water potential
      - 10m= at least 0.1MPa
      - long-distance horizonally
  - - - open stomata is a trade off
        
        CO2 in H2O out
- - - - High to low
    - - Osmosis
        
        freely permeable membranes
        
        allow all solutes to diffuse
        
        little biological significance
        
        Completely impermeable
        
        Do not allow anything to diffuse
        
        isolation barriers
        
        Differentially/ Selectively permeable membranes
        
        allow certain substances to diffuse
        
        lipid/protein cells
        
        all selectively permeable
        
        Hydrophobic molecule diffuse well
        
        Hydrophilic molecules
        
        need special protein channels
        
        H2O passes through all membranes
  - - - new cell plate
        
        formed by
        
        coalescnce of vesicles from
        
        endoplasmic reticulum
        
        dictyosomes
- - - - polymer trap mechanism
      - plasma membranes permeable to mono+disaccharides
        
        not to polysaccharides
      - in sources, loading occurs along VB
    - - receive phloem sap
      - small trees can have 1000s
      - not active simultaneously
      - loss of sugars
    - - seal broken sieve element
      - p protein plug
        
        mass too large to pass through
        
        callose contributes