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Structure of Woody Plants (Vascular Cambium :check: (only has two cell…

- - - - long, tapered cells
      - periclinal wall divisions
      - anticlinal walls=divide longitudinally=increases number of cambial cells
      - produce the elongate cells of wood
        
        tracheids, vessel elements, & fibers
      - produce phloem
        
        sieve cells, sieve tube members, companion cells, & fibers
      - create the axial system
    - - short and kind of cuboidal shaped
      - undergo periclinal divisions
      - produce short cells for storage
      - develop the radial system
  - - - grouped together in short vertical rows only one cell wide (uniseriate)
      - two cells wide=biseriate
      - many cells wide=multiseriate
    - - may occur in regular horizontal rows=storied cambium
        
        redbud & persimmon
      - irregularly without any horizontal pattern=nonstoried cambium
- - - - wood may contain tracheids, vessel elements, fibers, sclereids, and parenchyma
      - axial system=derived from fusiform initials
        
        contains tracheary elements
        
        carry out longitudinal conduction of water through wood
        
        axial xylem parenchyma is a temporary reservoir of water
      - hardwoods=lots of fibers for toughness
      - softwoods=have few or no fibers
      - ray tracheids=horizontal, rectangular cells that have circular bordered pits and protoplasts that degenerate quickly after secondary wall is complete
      - radial system=derived from the ray initials
        
        procumbent cells=their starch is not digested until later is routed through upright cells
        
        upright cells=its sugars are first to be digested in spring
        
        ray parenchyma cells store carbs during dormant periods and conduct material over short distances radially within wood
  - - - must have high proportion of wide vessels and/or wide tracheids
- - - - when carrot is peeled it removes a thin bark and all secondary phloem
- - - - cambium produces only parenchyma
      - conducting cells are completely absent
      - some parenchyma cells differentiate into secondary vascular bundles
    - - palm trunk is all primary tissue consisting of vascular bundles throughout ground tissue
      - a vascular cambium never develops
      - each vascular bundle is enclosed in a sheath of strong, heavy fibers
      - establishment growth=form of primary growth=increase in width and addition of adventitious roots
      - establishment growth ceases at some point