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Diversity of Matter by its Chemical Composition (Element (Properties…
Diversity of Matter by its Chemical Composition
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down or split into two or more simpler substance by chemical methods.
Elements are represented by symbols.
Can be classified as
Metals and Non-metals
Using the Periodic Table
Vertical columns are called groups.
Horizontal rows are called periods.
By their state
Properties
Composition
Made up of one type of substance in a fixed ratio.
Melting and boiling point
Fixed
Same properties as the element that it is made of.
Separation of components
Cannot be separated
Can be made out of
Atoms
Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that have the chemical properties of that element.
Molecules
A group of two or more atoms that are chemically combined together.
Compounds
Properties
Melting and Boiling point
Fixed
Composition
Made of 2 or more different elements, chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
Different properties from the elements it is made of.
When a compound is formed, a chemical reaction takes place. Heat and light are often given out. A new product is formed.
Cannot be found on the periodic table.
Mixtures
Properties
Composition
A mixture consists of two or more substances which are not joined chemically together.
A mixture may consist of more than one element, more than one compound or elements and compounds together.
Melting and Boiling point
Varied/Over a range of temperatures
Separation of Components
Can be separated by physical methods.
Same properties as the substance it is made out of.
Solutions and Suspensions
Solutions
Solute dissolves in the solvent to form a solution.
When solute dissolves in the solvent, the solvent particles surround the solute particles. Hence, when we look at a solution, we usually see more of the solvent than the solute,
Characteristics
When filtered, the solution passes through completely.
When it is left to stand on its own, the solution will remain as one body. Particles are evenly spread out so that every part of the solution has the same properties.
It is homogeneous that means colour, density appearance and other properties are the same in every part of the solution.
Suspensions
Characteristics
When it is left to stand on its own, insoluble particles tend to sink to the bottom of the container.
It is non-homogeneous, that means colour, density, physical and chemical properties are different in every part of the solution.
When it is filtered, the insoluble solids are obtained on the filler paper. Mixture containing insoluble fine particles in a liquid or gas of a solute dissolved in the solvent.
Can also be known as mixtures.
What is solubility and rate of dissolving?
Solubility is the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in 100g of a solvent at a given temperature.
A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a fixed amount of solute at a particular temperature.
Rate of dissolving is how fast a substance dissolves in a fixed volume of solvent.
Factors that affect solubility.
Nature of solvent.
Nature of solute.
Temperature.
Factors that affect rate of dissolving.
Size of solute particles.
Rate of stirring.
Temperature.