Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
current spatial patterns in international migrant flows (UK (5 most common…
current spatial patterns in international migrant flows
International migration
is one element of total population change in a country
can be expressed in a simple equation
fact that migration figure estimates points to issue of defining an international migration
lack of uniformity among countries creates diff
Net migration
positive value represents more people entering country that leaving it
negative value means more people leaving that entering it
refers to the difference between number of immigrants and emigrants
UN definition
long-term migrant
person who moves to a country for more than 1 yr.
short-term migrant
person who moves for at least 3 months but less than 1 yr.
UK
numbers and composition and direction
total 5.1 million people born in UK lived abroad in 2013
main reasons for this:
Employment opportunities
majority were of working age, including a high proportion in managerial occupations
retirement
High UK house prices enable many to sell up and live more cheaply abroad
often in a locality with a warm climate and good quality of life
e.g. Spain
Family reunification
moving to join relatives overseas
top 5 destinations
Australia
USA
Spain
Canada
Ireland
Age
53% 25-44
4% 65+
7.8 million foreign born people living in UK (2013)
composition of this immigrant pop analysed according by gender and ethnic origin
London had largest no. immigrants of all regions in UK (36%)
of the 641,000 immigrants moving to UK in 2014:
178,000 secured an employment contract before arrive
106,000 were looking for work
193,000 were students in full time education
91,000 seeking family reunification
last 10 yrs. (2005-15) emigration peaked in 2009 (400,000) and then slightly declines
last 10 yrs. (2005-15) immigration has slightly increased (peaking at 650,000)
In last 10 yrs. (2005-15)net migration stayed relatively the same
2015 net migration was 333,000
total pop change +407,345
5 most common countries of birth 2015
Poland
2015 800,000(ish)
biggest increase
India
Pakistan
Rep of Ireland
Germany
Why Poland
Schengen agreement
economic- recession
Estimate of no. of EU citizens coming to the UK to work has continued to decrease) possibly due to Brexit
Is Brexit affecting migration
Yes
Net migration to EU fallen by a third
increase in citiezenship
No
still pos net migration
are changes due to other reasons which are weaker pound
Inter-regional migrant flow
many 1000s of people have fled Africa and Middle-East to European territories
often having to overland across deserts etc.
Migrants are then transported (and sometimes set adrift) in small in the Med by traffickers
the International Organization for Migration estimated that 3,279 died at sea in the crossing (2014)
E.g. 1 migration route is in the central Med from Libyan ports to Italy's most southerly point (island of Lampedusa)
Numbers of migrants increased significant in 2015
became a major issue of rescue border control for the Italian coastguard and Frontex the Eu's border management agency etc.
Migration within one of the major world regions
Who migrate
Many forcibly displaced
due to armed conflict in places such as Syria, Yemen, and northern Nigeria
other factors behind the recent rise in migration, the most important of which is Africa’s population boom.
Intra- regional migration flows
international migration within EU complex
in any one yr. not only is there sig movement between EU members but also between many non-EU countries outside
fact and figures
a further
1.7
million people moved to the EU from outside countries
2.7
mil people migrated from the EU to a non-EU state
2012
1.7
million people resident in an EU country migrated to another EU country
EU migrants accounted for
35%
of the total migration stock in EU countries in 2010
UK 31% of migrants were from the EU (16th out of 27 countries)
largest EU countries hosting no. of EU migrants
germany (3.7 mil)
Spain (2.5m)
France
largest no. of people in other EU countries:
Romania
Poland
The Schengen agreement
allows freedom of movement within most of the EU
although doesn't apply to all EU states- (UK isn't)
recent EU expansion
has increased the potential no. of migrants
Most countries that have been recently added have relatively high proportion of pop working age looking employment
also attracted by higher wages elsewhere within the EU
Overriding motive is economic
E.g. Poland
Polish migrants attracted by greater employment, higher wages, better living standards and ease of return (freedom of movement)
can also be explain by
education
retirement
joining family
return flows
Facts and figures
244 mil people (3.3% pf world's pop) living outside country of orign
no. has increased (1990 153 mil, 2.8%) but the proportion of golbal pop remained same
52% male, 48% femal
nearly 50% are 25-49 years of age, 72% working age