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20. PERSONALITY TRAIT DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN (Chapter 20 (Life…
20. PERSONALITY TRAIT DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN (Chapter 20
What are Personality Traits?
individuals charasteristic patterns
Extraversion
β cluster
Conscientiousness
Openness to Experience
Agreeableness
α cluster
Neuroticsm
1.) similarities in childhood Temperament and Adult personality
2.) life events
reader
Stability and Change
Personality traits are capable to chage as result of a concrete event in life
e.g. patterns can change gradually from childhood to adulthood
Quantitative ideas:
1.) Rank-order Stability
positions of stability of
personality characteristic over time
Personality are both:
Heterogenous change
2.) Mean-Level Change
how trait level
might change over time.
INCREASE
WITHIN TIME
OLDER ADULTHOOD
YOUNG ADULT
ADULTHOOD
DECREASE
Life Span Developmental Patterns in Temperament and Traits
YOUNG ADULTHOOD
age of Personality traits Consistency
INCREASE
Psychological maturity
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Transition from carefree to responsable
Emotional stability
Decrease or maintain
Extraversion
Humanistic Maturation of personal growth
Openness
MIDLIFE
Personality Trait consistency
Early midlife
Increase
conscientiousness
α cluster
emotional stability
α cluster
Late Midlife
increasing
Agreeableness
α cluster
or it can increase or decrease as well
INFANT AND CHILDREN
show behavior differences from the birth
dimension Model of Temperament
Intensity of Emotion
Mood
Adaptability
Distractibility
Initial Reaction
Persistence and Attention Span
Regularity of Behaviors
Sensory Sensitivity
Activity Level
High Order Trait Structure
Negative Affectivity
Negative emotions
Effortful control
self-regulation of emotion and behaviour.
Surgency
high levels of positive affect
Measure mostly in children without follow up
Childhood Temperament + traits might reflect in Adulthood personality
Biological & Environmental Processes
shaping Temperament
OLDER ADULTHOOD
High stability
Increase
modifiable
Emotional Stability
conscientiousness
Decrease
openness
Mechanisms of Personality Trait Development
PERSONALITY
Biological Processes
changes in traits (αcluster)
No Changes in but not (β cluster)
environmental Processes
Developmental Elaboration
Reinforce childhooh temperament mechanism
Long-term Charasteristic traits
environmental construal
social and temporal comparisons
environmental elicitation
environmental selection
Learning processes
Environmental selection
Environmental manipulation
