Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

SOCIOEMOTIONAL II (Coping and self-regulation across the life span…

- - - - People who have high levels of self-efficacy tend to asses stressful situations as challenges and cope them constructively
        
        Regulation is action-oriented and focused on building strategies, exerting effort and using outcomes as information in future strategies
        
        This way of regulation and coping is more likely to actually solve problems
      - The ways of coping that are done with sense of self-control change significantly with age
    - - When dealing with stressful situation individual want not only to change the external situation but to regulate the self in a way that might help achieving primary control.
    - - Accommodative processes operate outside of conscious awareness and cannot be intentionally deployed
  - - - People help each other with coping and regulation in multiple ways: giving direct assistance, giving advice, providing protection against stress, soothing emotional reactions, creating an environment that makes coping easier and/or modeling new appraisal and coping strategies
      - Coping and regulation benefit from relationships that are warm, responsive and supportive to autonomy and disadvantage from relationships that are neglectful, dismissive, coercive, controlling, intrusive, inconsistent or otherwise not attuned to the needs of the person doing the coping
  - - - Most adaptive coping profile may be one in which usage of the minimal amount of energy needed to be effective is combined with ways of coping that are rejuvenating
      - Dual process model f coping; although approach and avoidance are generally seen as opposite coping styles they can also be seen as alternating strategies
        
        Individuals use approach coping when the environmental conditions permit and when the individual has enough skills and/or energy to attempt to modify the environment and switch to avoidant coping when energy flags or the situation is not amenable to problem-solving efforts
        
        Another dual-process framework focuses on the balance between control and acommodation
- - - - Positive and negative events presents different challenges and fulfill different functions in life stories
        
        The cognitive processing of negative events leads to insight and positive results for psychological well-being and health and extensively processing of positive events may lead to reduced well-being
  - - - Different kinds of narrative identities make sense in different kinds of cultures
      - Narrative identities reflects gender and class divisions in the society individual lives
  - - - Older adults tend to construct more complex and coherent life narratives than younger ones
- - - - The normative developmental challenges characterizes the emergence of qualitatively different levels of self-concept development
        
        Individual differences in self-concept development
  - - - Self-recognition is preceded by pre-representational forms of self-awareness
      - The emergence of language skills creating verbal self-representations
    - - In this age young children benefit from the interactions with different socializing agents
    - - In this age period children show great improvement in perspective-taking skills
    - - In this age period children also integrate both positive and negative emotions into their self-representations
      - The advances in self-concept development in this age are related to the emergence of major cognitive skills: the ability to use social comparison for the purpose of self-evaluation, the ability to distinguish between one's actual and ideal self and improved perspective-taking skills
  - - - During this period adolescents are very preoccupied with the views and opinions of others, especially their peers
      - Although self-concept development in late adolescence tend to be positive are there some risks for maladaptive self-processes and less favorable outcomes; there are certain degree of uncertainty in the self-representation of this age and that can result in a more unstable sense of self-worth
        
        Maladaptive self-processes can come from if individual is trying to meet impossible cultural standards like standards of physical attractiveness and social acceptance
  - - - Adults' self-representations may remain stable as they relate to their stable personality characteristics but self-representations that are related to roles and relationships may change over time when these roles and relationships change
    - - In an evaluatively compartmentalized organization positive and negative knowledge of self is separated in to primarily positive or negative self-aspects and evaluatively integrated organization acknowledges the coexistence of both positive and negative self-knowledge
        
        Self-compartmentalization is an effective strategy of dealing with short-lived stress, but in extended period of time can cause higher level of negative mood