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Soils and Mineral Nutrition (Essential Elements (trace elements (iron,…

- - - - Nitrogen
      - Phosphorous
      - Calcium
      - Magnesium
      - Sulfer
  - - - sunlight
      - chemicals in
        
        water
        
        air
        
        soil
  - - - immediately
        
        potassium
      - more complex
        
        iron
        
        magnesium
        
        nitrogen
- - - - growth
      - differentiation
      - reproduction
      - survival
    - - cannot live with a substiture
    - - essential
        
        directly
        
        indirectly
- - - - desert soils
    - - saltbush
    - - acid soils
    - - serpentine soil
    - - nonnative crop plants
        
        human artificial selection
        
        high fruit/seed yield
      - ornamentals
    - - soil depletion
  - - - lack of chlorophyll
      - yellowish color
      - brittle
      - papery
    - - dark color
      - purple hue
    - - death patches of tissue
    - - leaf tips die
    - - leaf tissues between veins die
  - - - boron
      - calcium
      - iron
      - stuck in one place
        
        cannot move back to younger cells
    - - chlorine
      - magnesium
      - nitrogen
      - phosphorous
      - potassium
      - sulfer
      - can be translocated
- - - - trapping protons
  - - - apoplastic diffusion
  - - - symbiotic relationship with fungi
        
        mycorrhizae
        
        absorb phosphorous efficiently
  - - - breakdown of rock by;
        
        wind
        
        temperature changes
        
        water movement
        
        ice
        
        runoffs
        
        coarse sand
        
        fine sand
        
        silt
        
        clay particles
        
        micelles #
    - - chemical reactions
        
        acids
        
        from decaying bodies
        
        carbonic acid
      - decreases soil particle size
      - alters soil chemistry
- - - - have nitrogenase
      - Azotobacter
      - Clostridium
      - Klebsiella
      - Nostoc
  - - - ammonium
        
        extremely energetic
  - - - glutamate
      - transamination
  - - - nitifying bacteria
      - nitrification
  - - - carnivorous plants
    - - flowering plants
      - ferns
      - epiphytic
      - mutualistic relationship