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Roots (external structure of roots (structure of individual roots (root…
Roots
external structure of roots
organization of root systems
highly branched root system
numerous small lateral roots
radicle
embryonic root
lateral roots become swollen
taproot
most have fibrous root system
adventitious roots
increase the absorptive and transport capacities
secondary growth
most monocots do not
conducting capacity cannot increase
usually grow larger
structure of individual roots
fairly simple
root tip is where growth in length occurs
discrete apical meristems
localized growth
protected by root tip
dictyosomes secrete mucigel
lubricates passage of root
zone of elongation
cells undergo cell division
behind is root hair zone
epidermal cells expand
root hairs increase surface area
other types of roots and root modification
contractile roots
extend through the soil
anchor then contract
storage roots
long term storage of carbohydrates
some are permanent organs
prop roots
extensive roots to the soil
stem can become wider
with vascular bundles
stabilizers
buttress roots
tropical trees
roots of strangler figs
fruits
when seed germinates
roots cling to bark of other tree
micorhiziae
roots for most seed plants
internal structure of roots
root cap
protection for apical meristem
cells detect gravity
secrete mucigel
zone of elongation
cells expand
tissues are permeable
minerals diffuse throuh
zone of maturation
root hairs grow outward
water absorption increases
no distinct boundary
casparian strips
controlling types of minerals
mature portions of root
function for several days then die
passage cells
only contain casparian strips
absorption of minerals in root hair zone
causes absorption of water
root pressure
origins and development of lateral roots
lateral roots
initiated by cell divisions in the pericycle
establish connection to parent root