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Electoral Systems (Electoral Functions (Representation, Choosing a…
Electoral Systems
Electoral Functions
Representation
Choosing a government
Participation
Influence over policy
Accountability
Education
Legitimacy
Elite recuitement
UK Referendums
EU (2016)
In - 48%
Out - 52%
Scottish Parliament (1997)
Yes - 74%
No - 26%
Government of Wales (1997)
Yes - 50.3%
No - 49.7%
Greater London Authority (1998)
Yes - 72%
No - 28%
AV Electoral System (2011)
Yes - 32%
No - 68%
FPTP
Used in UK Parliament
2 party system
Winner's bonus
Bias to major party
Discrimination against third & smaller parties
Single party government
Plurality
The person with the most votes wins
+
Accountable
Effective representation
Simplicity
Keeps out extremist parties
Strong & stable government
-
Discrimination against smaller parties
Leads to a 2 party system
sometimes becomes a 1 party system
Not proportional
Winner's bonus
Tyranny of the majority
Wasted votes
Electoral desserts
Electoral Systems
Majoritarian
Plurality
Proportional Representation
Mixed System
SV
Mayor of London
If no candidate wins a majority then second preferences are counted for the top 2 candidates
+
Broad support = legitimate
less wasted votes
-
Winner may be elected without a 1st choice majority
Would not be proportional in General Elections
STV
Used in Northern Ireland Assembly
Used for power sharing
+
Government is likely to represent the majority
Proportional
Greater voter choice
-
Complex
Leads to low turnouts
Weak link between MPs and Constituency
AMS
Used in Scotland and Wales
Combination of FPTP & PR
Constituency members & List members
+
Less wasted votes
Broadly proportional
Increases women's representation
Regional list
Usually creates coalitions
Ensures fair policies
Greater choice
-
Party control over lists
Smaller parties underrepresented
2 types of member
1 with duties
1 = unaccountable