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Roots (Other Types of Roots and Modifications (Haustorial roots of…

- - - - Help with production of new shoots
  - - - Brace the trunk against wind
  - - - Allows seeds to germinate near the ground
  - - - Fungi penetrate the outermost root cortex, but not the cells
    - - Fungi penetrate the root cortex cell, but can't pass the Casparian strip
  - - - Allows nitrogen fixating bacteria to enter plant cells
  - - - Some attack all of the vascular tissue
- - - - Due to no disruptions from leaf primordia
    - - Primarily a reserve of healthy cells
  - - - Increases water and mineral absorption
    - - Casparian strips control mineral intake
- - - - Important for all plants because of stability
    - - Their cylindrical shape helps absorb water from all sides
    - - Cytokinin
        
        Help with shoot growth and development #
      - Gibberellin
  - - - Carrots, beets, and radishes
- - - - Small lateral roots (branched roots)
        
        More lateral roots can branch
        
        Can be swollen like a taproot
      - Large taproot
        
        Develops from the radicle
        
        An embryonic root
    - - Roots that do not come from pre-existing roots
  - - - Located at the end of root
      - Protects the root apical meristem
      - Constantly being worn away
      - Secretes a complex polysaccharide called mucigel
        
        Lubricates passage for roots through soil
        
        Rich in carbohydrates and amino acids
    - - Cells go through division and expansion
    - - Root hairs form where there is no elongation