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Bonding (Nanoparticles (They have a large surface area to volume ratio…
Bonding
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles are particles that have a diameter of 1nm to 100nm. They only contain a few hundred atoms.
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Due to their high surface area to volume ratio they have a very different properties compared to it in bulk
For example, they are very effective catalyst compared to the normal size. They often need less material.
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Silver Nanoparticles have antibacterial properties that can be used in surgical equipment or deodorants.
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They are very useful but they haven't been fully tested on how they affect the body. We do not know the long term impact
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Ionic Bonding
Ionic Compounds occur between non-metals and metals. The metals lose electrons and the non-metals gain electrons to form ions. The ions are then attracted to each other
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They can't carry current when solid as the ions are held in place but when melted or dissolved in water the ions are free to move so can carry electricity
Metallic Bonding
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There are strong electrostatic forces between the positive metal ions and negative electrons. This means they have high boiling and melting points.
They are good conductors of electricity and thermal energy as the delocalised electons carry the energy
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Alloys are strong as different metals have different sized ions distort the layers of metals and so it is harder for them to slide over each other
Covalent Bonding
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Allotrope
Are different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state. For example carbon has diamond and graphite
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