Viruses

Virus: an infectious particle consisting of genes packaged in a protein coat

Capsids & Envelopes

Cycles of Phages

Viral Envelopes: Surrounds capsids of influenza viruses and other viruses found in animals

Bacteriophages: The most complex capsids are found among the viruses that infect bacteria are found here

Capsids: Protein shell enclosing viral genome

The Lytic Cycle

The Lysogenic Cycle

Defenses against phages

Vaccines: harmless derivative pathogenic that stimulates the immune system to mount defenses against harmful pathogen.

Viral Genetic Material

Reverse Transcriptase: Enzymes of the viruses

HIV/AIDS: Enveloped viruses that contain two identical molecules of single-stranded RNA and two molecules of reverse transcriptase. HIV causes AIDS

Retroviruses: RNA animal viruses with the most complicated replicative cycles

Provirus: Integrated viral DNA that never leaves the host's genome, remaining permanent resident of cell

Emerging Viruses

Epidemic: a widespread outbreak

Pandemic: a prompting of who declares global epidemic

Ebola, Chikungunya, Zika

Restriction Enzymes: way to cut DNA inside cell

Lytic Cycle: a phage replicative cycle that culminates in death of the host cell

Virulent Phage: A phage that replicates only by a lytic cycle

Lysogenic Cycle: allows replication of the phage genome without destroying the host

Temperate Phages: Phages capable of using both modes of replicating within a bacterium

Prophage: Viral DNA known as this when integrated into bacterial chromosome

Host Cells

Host Range: Each particular virus can infect cells of only a limited number of host species called this

Vector: an organism that transmits pathogens between host cells

Viroid: infectious nucleic acid without protein coat

Host: larger participant in symbiotic relationship

Helix: virus structure

Envelope: outside membrane of virus

Capsomere: subunit making of capsid

Entervirus: single stranded RNA (SSRNA)