Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Path/CR - Thrombosis/Embolism (ii) (Risk factors for DVT (altered blood…
Path/CR - Thrombosis/Embolism (ii)
Thrombectomy
arterio/venogram should be performed 1st to locate thrombus
cather inserted to lyse clot
Consequences of Infarcts
none of there's adequate colat circulation
MI
cerebral infarct (stroke)
can't catherise if it's been too long because vessels of wall would be necrotic + collapse
acute limb ischaemia
embolism peripherally via arts (e.g. to brain, kidneys, spleen)
Consequences of venous thrombosis
if localised may be mostly asymptomatic (only oedema / some pain)
if sudden + extensive - necrosis + gangrene
could go distant to lungs + capills, less commonly to venous sinuses of skull (often secondary to infections of middle ear/mastoid/paranasal sinuses)
Thrombosis of capills
caused by
frost bite
burns
haemolytic anemia
autoimmunity (e.g. cold agglutinins)
causes necrosis + sometimes ulceration
3 main causes of heart proper thrombi
post MI
on valves in infective endocarditis
atrial fib (esp in auricular appendix)
consequences often systemic
e.g. stroke
neurological deficit
can also be caused by a carotid atheroma
Risk factors for DVT
altered blood flow (stasis)
major surgery
RTA
prolonged immobilisation
shock
heart failure (insufficient pumping)
Embolism
detached intravascular physical mass that arises from 1 part of the circulation + travels to another part
can be pul or systemic, solid/liquid/mass
types
thromboembolism
septic DIC
air/gas
esp in scuba divers (but rare)
decompression sickness
body subjected to high pressure (e.g. deep underwater)
increased nitrogen in blood + body fluids
if rapid pressure decrease N bubbles form
bends: joint/muscle pain
chokes: resp distress (pul oedema + haemorrhages)
staggers: ischaemia to brain
lots of air required to be significant
during inspiration -ve pressure from thorax transmitted to head + neck veins, damaging them
fat
from big bone fractures, e.g. in RTAs, fatty BM leaks into blood
tiny liquid fat lobules
1st 24 hrs: dyspnoea + cyanosis
24-48 hrs: confusion, unconsciousness, convulsions
48-72 hrs: petechial haemorrhages around neck + ant chest
mortality = 30%
amniotic fluid
v rare
breakdown in placental barrier
foreign bodies (e.g. catheter fragments)
tumour (allows met spread)
systemic emboli
most arise from left heart, some in aorta/carotids
lodge anywhere in system circulation
lead to ischaemia/infarcts
high chol
plaque buildup (atheroma)
atherosclerosis (vessel wall thickens with plaque, narrows lumen)
endothelial damage