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DESIGN OF E-LEARNING PROGRAMS (FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN WITH E…

- - - - In general, most e-learning follows the model of teaching and learning approaches that exist without the help of ICT.
    - - In this type of models, the student exercises a practically passive role, reducing their contribution to the interpellations received by the teacher.
  - - - Nine Instructional Events of Gagne
        
        Robert Gagné proposed a framework that consists of a series of events based on the behavioral approach to learning.
        
        The nine steps are:
        
        Call the attention of the students -With stimuli that help you focus on the content (new ideas or questions for reflection, etc.)
        
        Inform students about the objectives - Establish the expected results and criteria to measure the achievements.
        
        Determine previous learning knowledge-Measure and use the student's previous content before introducing new knowledge and build on it.
        
        Present content - Design content in easily consumable and easy-to-read pieces.
        
        Provide guidance to the student - Guide the student with examples, case studies and other support to complement the content.
        
        Check students' understanding (practice) - Make sure students have acquired the skill or knowledge in the way it was planned. Allow students to practice, demonstrate and apply their learning in simulated real-life sessions or in the same course.
        
        Provide feedback - Reinforce knowledge with immediate feedback (informative, corrective, etc.)
        
        Evaluate performance-Check your knowledge against established criteria.
        
        Improve the retention and transfer of knowledge to the workplace - Use content retention strategies (concept maps, summaries, etc.)
      - Instructional Principles of Merrill
        
        Proposed by David Merrill in 2002, this framework comprehensively encompasses five learning principles:
        
        Principle of focused tasks
        
        Principle of Activation
        
        Principle of Demonstration
        
        Application Principle
        
        Principle of Integration
      - ADDIE
        
        ADDIE means Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Each phase of the model offers an opportunity for iterations and changes before moving on to the next phase. Here is a brief description of each step of the process:
        
        Step # 1 Analysis - Why is training necessary? Instructional designers must answer this question after gathering information and student profiles. Carrying out an analysis mitigates the possibility of evolution of the scope of the project.
        
        • Step # 2 Design - In this phase, instructional designers should select the instructional strategy to follow, write objectives, select the appropriate means and delivery methods.
        
        Step # 3 Development - Instructional designers use agreed-upon expectations from the design phase to develop the course materials.
        
        Step # 4 Implementation - The course is released to students and their impact is monitored.
        
        Step # 5 Evaluation - Is the course achieving the expected results? Designers must collaborate with the client and evaluate the impact of the course based on student feedback, surveys, etc.
  - - - The main functions that multimedia educational resources can perform are the following: informative, instructive or coaching, motivating, evaluating, environment for exploration and experimentation, expressive-communicative, metalinguistic, playful, provider of resources to process data, innovative, support to school and professional guidance, support for the organization and management of centers
    - - hypertext text
      - images
      - animated images
      - video
      - sound
  - - - Environments (computer room, class with a single computer, domestic use ...)
        
        Teaching strategies (individual work, cooperative or competitive group ,,,)
        
        Users (cultural circumstances and training needs) All this leads to interdisciplinarity.
    - - Good structuring of the program. (Navigation map)
        
        The speed between the user and the program (animations, data reading ...) is adequate.
        
        The use of the keyboard properly.
        
        Transparent environment that allows user control. (Navigation system)
- - - - On the contrary, a standard is a specification developed and accredited by specific standards committees.
  - - - With regard to the design of virtual courses, if one is going to direct or have a group of executives as a recipient, obviously the diagnosis of the situation and the profile of those executives determines the paths that must be followed, the use of technologies and strategies.
      - Sometimes to design a material in a certain medium and achieve a technically perfect interface, you can forget that you also have the obligation to problematize the student to help him learn.
        
        To create a virtual course you should consider:
        
        The planning that involves defining the educational project.
        
        That the objectives that are expected to be achieved be considered.
        
        A selection of topics is made that allow the development of the contents
        
        The means to be used are chosen, various learning activities are proposed according to the pedagogical and communicational model.
  - - - Another interesting possibility of XML is that PDF files and other formats can be generated from an XML document.
- - - - However, it must be borne in mind that in order to talk about optimal learning, it is not enough to control resources, but rather these must be taken into account in context.
        
        advantage
        
        TEACHING
        Teachers can personalize their class, see the evolution of students and adapt better to different learning rhythms. It is motivating for students and improves their willingness to learn.
        
        GENERAL:
        It's free. It can be used at any time and place and the materials and resources are available at any time.
        
        PEDAGOGICS:
        It serves to learn and to reinforce knowledge. It has an extensive library of resources.
        
        inconveniences
        
        REQUIREMENTS: Requires that all students and teachers have internet, computers, etc. Autonomy of learning in the student body. Basic knowledge on the part of the teaching staff.
        
        DIDACTICS:
        There is a loss of human contact, therefore the debate between teacher-student and student-student may be prejudiced.
  - - - Analysis and design: they include the feasibility study; curricular configuration from teaching, research and social projection; organizational and administrative considerations
        
        Conception and development: correspond to the construction and implementation of the academic project and its insertion in the educational system of the university.
        
        Learning process: it is related to the pedagogical model, technological means and the methodologies used by e-learning to carry it out in the substantive processes: teaching, research and social projection
        
        Evaluation: corresponds to the processes of improvement, regulation of the Ministry of National Education, peer evaluation and self-evaluation of the project.
  - - -  Basic and specific computer skills of EVA that allow the adaptation of contents for distance and virtual teaching
        
        Accurate knowledge of the characteristics presented by materials in education mediated by technology, the elements that compose it, formats and typologies. With the ability to assess the advantages and disadvantages in the employment of each other in each case.
        
        Knowledge about the implications of time and work involved in the development of some materials versus others so that you can select the best solutions for each specific case.
        
        Capacity in the use and management of specific software for the design of materials in various formats (textual, hypertext, multimedia, etc.)
    - - considering technologies as cognitive tools that the student will manage to build their knowledge.
  - - - The achievement and production of standards is achieved in technologies accepted and shared by all, that is, mature technologies.
    - - Standards have been key in the computer and electronics industry. Without agreements it would be impossible to surf the Internet, receive emails, and even access ATMs.
        
        By applying the standards suppliers help and ensure that their products and services are consistent, compatible and effective.
        
        provide agreed upon characteristics, functionality and performance. Likewise, the standards support the interoperability of products developed by different manufacturers.
- - - - the pedagogical model must
        
        Collect the curricular design of each subject of the cycle.
        
        Contain the appropriate and updated didactic materials for distance training in Vocational Training.
        
        Design multiple activities oriented to the competences that the labor market and training needs demand at all times.
        
        Develop reliable, adequate and multiple evaluation and assessment methods.
        
        Contemplate with care the type of student, their possibilities, abilities and attitudes.
    - - connectivism
        
        It is based on the effect of technology on learning, but from the beginning of the chaos of an unpredictable theory, by numerous circumstances, varied, different, but connected to each other and that are influenced in a constant and multidirectional way
      - constructivism
        
        Learning based on the student. This method is based on a student who actively participates in solving problems, fostering their abilities by competences and their critical capacity.
  - - - The key to instructional design lies in the possibility that the reorientation document has the sense of the course in a moment.
        
        an instructional design that adapts to online training and that adapts to the creation of the training product in an intuitive way in order to adapt the content to the learning needs of the users.
  - - - Using an instructional design model facilitates the preparation of material by those involved in the production, it also facilitates the management of the process to the teachers and the execution of the same to the students, hence the importance that said model is appropriate to the students. needs of the institution and especially the needs of students, which ensures the quality of learning.
- - - - ropose different activities that guarantee learning but without falling into monotony, evaluate students, analyze the impact of each proposed task
      - Maintaining order in the classroom is not impossible, especially when you have the appropriate applications to do so. Planning classes in advance is an excellent way to make sure you pass on the right knowledge.
      - Every teacher must learn to plan what he will teach his students and what methods he will use for it.
      - Using technology is an excellent way to facilitate this task.
    - - 1) Teacher's Notebook Additio
      - goggle classroom
      - teacherkit
      - idoceo
      - evernote
      - pocket
      - trello
      - call
  - - - In the design of a virtual classroom, different elements are incorporated which arise as an adaptation of the traditional classroom including technological participation and the replacement of face-to-face interaction
        
        Distribution of information: the virtual classroom should allow the distribution of online materials which are available to students in standard formats for printing, editing or just to save.
        
        Exchange of ideas and experiences: communication is necessary in the virtual classroom, so it must have a mechanism that facilitates interaction between the student and the instructor or between students.
        
        Application and experimentation of learning: students should have the possibility of being exposed to similar situations of knowledge practice or theory seen in the course, the virtual classroom should facilitate this experience.
        
        Knowledge evaluation: you should also consider providing a space in which the student is evaluated in relation to their progress and achievements as it should be checked if the class objectives were reached.
        
        Security and reliability in the system: the virtual classroom must be the space where the student acquires knowledge, experiences, expresses, communicates and measures their achievements.
  - - - These advances and the educational possibilities they offer represent new expectations, as well as clear challenges for those of us who study and work in the world of education.
  - - - WWW (world wide web)
        
        conversation or conferences
        
        file trnsfer protocol
        
        email applications
        
        newsgroup
        
        telnet
        
        gopher
- - - - in non-formal and informal education, and today they are beginning to be considered, in addition to an exhibition tool, a digital means of communication.
  - - - On the one hand, the computer posts on which the applications will work (types of computers and their technical characteristics, computer networks, etc.),
        
        On the other about the training experts belonging to the company.
        
        Finally, multimedia materials or not that can be used within the final product.
    - - Discursive: they are those that present a great influence of the traditional support of the formation: the book. They tend to be simple in their design and due to their functional structure they are usually called "pasa pages", because their main quality in navigation is very equivalent to the traditional handling of the book.
        
        Exploratory: are those whose main quality is to offer the user the ability to investigate content without a fixed pattern, allowing navigation and learning by trial and error.
        
        Environment simulations: quite used at present, they intend to generate virtual environments that simulate the places of occurrence of the training process. By means of this procedure, the approach of situations in such environments and the evaluation of the decision making by the subject that learns is resorted to.
  - - - A didactic material is suitable for learning if it helps the learning of conceptual content, helps to acquire procedural skills and helps to improve the person in attitudes or values.
    - - Some digital educational resources offer the possibility of open access.
      - Facilitate self-learning at the pace of the student, giving him the opportunity to access from a computer and return to the reading and exercise materials as many times as required
      - Its potential to motivate the student to read by offering new forms of multimedia presentation, animated formats and tutorials to illustrate procedures, videos and audiovisual material.
      - Its ability to bring the student closer to the understanding of processes, through simulations and virtual laboratories that represent real or fictitious situations that can not be accessed in the real world nearby.
  - - - From the above it is inferred that the teacher at the time of planning strategies for teaching and achieve significant learning, must keep in mind simultaneously the following conditions:
        
        1) The content of the learning must be potentially significant.
        
        2) The student must possess in his cognitive structure the previously used concepts, so that the new knowledge can be linked to the previous one. Otherwise, you will not be able to carry out the assimilation.
        
        3) The student must manifest a positive attitude towards learning. It is necessary to have a disposition to relate the study material with the particular cognitive structure that it possesses.