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Northern Ireland (Ireland is divided in two parts
-Ireland (largest part…
Northern Ireland
Ireland is divided in two parts
-Ireland (largest part of the island) is an independent state
-Northern Ireland --> part of United Kingdom (with England, Scotland and Wales)
-1,8 million in N.I
The divisjon --> 1921
-Ireland was a British colony -> achieved independence
-Anglo-Irish Treaty concluded (avsluttet) the Irish struggle for Independence from London
-The six counties in the North east remain part of the UK (where the largest number of English/Scottish protestant immigrants has settled before)
-The Protestants in this six counties are still today staunch (sterke) supporters of the union with UK.
Both religious reasons and about the UK
-Henry 8th: gets no annulment of marriage --> became Protestant
--> created the Church of England
Ireland is Englands first colony
-English and Scottish Protestants (planters) settled in Ireland
-Ireland gained independence from the British Empire --> Irish War of Independence 1918-1921
Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921: gave Ireland a certain independence over its own affairs
-Six counties in the north-east of the island was kept out of the treaty
--> the majority were Protestant (because they descended from English and Scottish settlers)
--> led to split between N Ireland and Republic of Ireland
--> Disputes over the Anglo Irish Treaty led to the Irish Civil War in 1922-1923 between those who accepted it and the Irish Republican opposition
--> Republicans lost
-bitter war- created deep divisions between the Irish
In 1949 Ireland --> formally Republic of Ireland
-The population in the Republic of Ireland is overwhelmingly Catholic
-In Northern Ireland the majority is Protestants
-Caused anger among the Catholic minority
--> 1960s: The Troubles: Catholics protest marches were met with violence from militant Protestants
--> Militant Catholics responded with violence --> bombs and killings a part of everyday life i N.I
--> British troops were sent to restore the peace
Unionists, Loyalists
--> want Northern Ireland to remain a part of UK (historically-Protestants)
Republicans, Nationalists
--> wants Ireland united as one independent state (historically- Catholics)
Terrorist organizations:
--> existed on both sides of this conflict
--> most renowned (beryktete): IRA --> the Irish Republican Army
-refers to different branches fighting for an independent, united Ireland ever since the Irish War of Independence
Troubles start: 1972: Bloody Sunday
Catholics participating in a peaceful march were shot by British soldiers --> fourteen killed
-1970s and 1980s:
IRA carried out terrorist attacks in Britain
--> force the British government to let Northern Ireland unite with the Republic of Ireland
Catholics and Protestants
--> no winners after decades of fighting
--> more than 3000 lives lost
-Politicians on both sides started working for reconciliation
--> 1998 peace agreement signed
--> Good Friday Agreement
--> peaceful situation after that
--> both sides have handed in weapons
-The peace treaty restored also a degree of political autonomy (selvstyre) to the Northern Ireland Assembly, located in Belfast, elected by the People of Northern Ireland
-the political system is set up to ensure that Unionists and Republicans is fairly represented, and requires them to cooperate politically
Brexit
--> Boarder is an issue
-Northern Ireland voted remain in EU
-risking a hard boarder between N Ireland and Ireland, would be problems
-the Protestant majority secured the best jobs, housing, and schools
--> highest standard of living
--> also dominant in the Parliament of Northern Ireland
Majority in Northern Ireland today still wants the country to remain part of the UK
-Northern Ireland governs many of its own affaires but remains still a part of UK
--> strike a compromise between opposing views
-hoping the conflict is over, though the groups seem to continue living separate lives
--> Catholics in Catholic areas, Catholic schools - Protestants in other areas and state schools
--> also mixed housing areas where they live side by side, integrated schools, trying to balance Protestants and Catholic children admitted to the schools
The economy has been weak
--> largely as an result of the Troubles
--> ímproving today
-foreign visitors
-Culturally: a mix between Ireland and Britain -> fascinating identity
--> literature and music drawing on the British mainland, as we'll as Celtic legacy characteristic of Ireland
--> pub, with drinks and good chats
-stunning sceenery
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--> Unionists/loyalists, who were mostly Protestants, wanted Northern Ireland to remain within the United Kingdom
--> Irish nationalists/republicans, who were mostly Catholics, wanted Northern Ireland to leave the United Kingdom and join a united Ireland.