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Dietary needs of the child (Functions (Carbohydrate (. (MACRONUTRIENT,…
Dietary needs of the child
Functions
Protein
.
Growth and repair
MACRONUTRIENT
Animal sources
Meat
Chicken
Fish
HIGH BIOLOGICAL VALUE
Contain all essential amino acids
Plant sources
Peas
Beans
Lentils
LOW BIOLOGICAL VALUE
Don't contain all essential amino acids
.
Protein complementaion
Two LBV protein foods are eaten toghether eg beans and toast
Fats
.
MACRONUTRIENT
Energy + warmth + store vit A D E K
sources
Butter
Cheese
Chocolate
Fried foods - invisible fats
Too much fat = obesity, coronary heart disease
Carbohydrate
.
MACRONUTRIENT
Energy
Sugar sources
Biscuits
Fruit
Cake
Starchy sources
Rice
Bread
Pasta
Dietary fibre
prevent constipation
Sources
Wholemeal bread
Wholegrains
Fruit + veg
Calcium
.
Strong bones and teeth
micronutrient
sources
Green veg
Milk
Cheese
White bread - fortified
Iron
.
micronutrient
Form haemoglobin, prevent anemia
sources
Red meat
Dried fruit
Green veg
Vitamins
A
.
Keep skin, eyes, mucous membrane healthy
micronutrient
sources
Butter
Eggs
Cheese
C
.
micronutrient
help absorb iron
sources
Citrus fruits
Fresh fruits
D
.
micronutrient
Help absorb calcium
sources
Margarine
Oily fish
Eggs
Water
Help regulate temp
e.g. sweat
Help get rid of waste
Lubricate joints + membranes
Government dietary guidelines
Base meals on starchy carbs
Eat fruit + veg
Eat more fish
Eat less saturated fat, sugar, salt
Get active
Don't skip breakfast
Don't get thirsty
Evaluate foods
Stages of weaning
Signs to start weaning
Baby still seems hungry and restless after feed
Wakes up early or during the night for their feed
Baby starts to suck on their fist
At 6 months
small amounts of well mashed food on plastic spoon with same amount of milk feed
Soft cooked carrot, potato (mashed)
Plain / natural yogurt
Baby rice with usual milk
Foods to avoid
Salt
Kidneys not fully developed
Dehydrate baby
Sugar
Encourage sweet tooth
lead to tooth decay
Honey
Until at least 1 yr old
Bacteria can produce toxins in their intestines - infant botulism
Tooth decay
Nuts
Until 5 yr old in case they choke
Allergies
After couple of weeks
2 or 3 spoon feeds a day with soft lumps
Mashed or minced meat or chicken
mashed hard boiled egg
Problems
Obesity
Food refusal
Lactose intolerance
Allergies
Planning meals
Eatwell guide
Advertising
Food labels
Special dietary requirements
Budget, time, skills
Child's age
Aesthetics
Balanced diet
Variety of nutrients and foods