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Aalberg (2003) Achieving Justice. Comparative Public Opinions on Income…
Aalberg (2003) Achieving Justice. Comparative Public Opinions on Income Distribution
Public opinion, public policy
central questions of distributive justice are concerned with how collective benefits and burdens ought to be distributed among members of society.
Mechanisms of empirical justice research
three distinct elements that make up public opinion
perceptions
Perceptions describe how the public actually observes reality.
policy attitudes
normative beliefs related to concrete situations and policies.
ideals
refer to basic norms, values or principles held by the public.
Causal links/mechanisms
Characteristics of societies and characteristics of individuals influence attitutes directly or indirectly via ideals and perceptions.
political regime (policies implemented by the political elite) and income structures in the country, in other words characteristics of society, influences the ideals, perceptions and policy attitudes held by the public.
Culturalist theory: national culture
Regime theory: regime, either the welfare state regime or the political regime
Structuralist theory: income structure and social composition
Adjustment and reaction hypothesis: development of society lead to adjustments or reaction
individual’s characteris- tics such as education, income, social class, and gender are supposed to influence their various beliefs as well.
Sefl-interest theory
Symbolic politics (value theory): values influence attitudes
Enlightenment theory: edication levels shape attitudes
Cleavage theory: conflicts shape attitudes
Socialization: socio-economic status shapes values and attitudes.