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Cold War intensifies (Part 3) (Cuban Missile Crisis (Kennedys options…
Cold War intensifies (Part 3)
Cuban Missile Crisis
Over 30 missiles which were accurate and equipped with latest Soviet technology
Cuban missiles were a major step forward for the USSR
October 1962, U2 spy planes took photographs of missile launch sites in Cuba
Kennedys options
Stop ships coming to Cuba
Advantages
Stops USSR from supplying Cubans with missiles
Less likely to lead to war
Disadvantages
Soviets could force their way through and a war could start
Does not get rid of missiles already in Cuba and means USA is still in danger
Invasion of Cuba
Advantages
Permanently remove threat from Castro
This will get rid of all Soviet missiles from Cuba and as a result the threat will be totally eliminated
Show Khrushchev and Castro how powerful USA is
Disadvantages
Bay of Pigs invasion was not successful how can we be sure this would work
Soviets would regard this as an act of war and would start WW3
Do Nothing
Advantages
Less confrontational option
USA still had more missiles than the USSR
Disadvantages
Will make USA look weak and encourage Khrushchev to fo even worse things
Kennedys political party will lose votes if he seems weak
Air Strikes on Cuba
Advantages
Get rid of most Soviet missiles in Cuba and this reduces the threat
Public will like this show of strength and improves Kennedys reputation
Show Castro and Khrushchev how powerful USA is
Disadvantages
Soviets could regard this as an act of war and launch WW£ against USA
Cannot be 100% guaranteed that all missiles will be destroyed
Soviets might send more missiles to Cuba anyway and this is only a temporary solution
Consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis
Political win for Kennedy
USA had forced the Soviets to withdraw their missiles
Deal to remove USA missiles from Turkey was not made public
Seen as having won during missile crisis
Kennedy won a personal victory over Army chiefs who wanted military solution to crisis
Had shown strong leadership qualities and was now more confident in the future
Political loss for Khruschev
American concessions were not made public so very few people knew what Khrushchev had gained
Gamble of nuclear missiles in Cuba had backfired - looked like a fool
Soviets were 'forced' to back down
Faced criticism from within the USSR and contributed to his downfall in 1964 where he was forced to step down as leader
Seen as having lost Cuban Missile Crisis
Hotline agreement (1963)
Meant Soviet leaders could communicate directly with one another if there was a crisis
Leaders did not have to rely on communicating by letters passed by ambassadors
Direct telex link between White House and the Kremlin
International agreements were made
Outer Space Treaty (1968)
No nuclear weapons were allowed in space
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Stops the safe of nuclear weapons or sharing weapon knowledge without other countries
Aimed to stope other countries from getting nuclear weapons
Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)
Ends testing of nuclear weapons in the atomosphere
Started SALT 1 (1969)
Talks over reducing number of nuclear weapons held by both sides
Known as Strategic Arms Limitation Talks