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Impact of the Korean War on (USA (US encouraged to seek global alliances -…
Impact of the Korean War on
Korea
N.Korea
Pyongyang obliterated:250 000 bombs
- capital
Social
10 million families separated by the border
Population decreased by 12% 1949-53:
2 mil
headed
South
Economy
Brain drain
- intellectuals leave for South; families split - workforces/developements
'Juche' ideology perservere
- self reliance;
Agricultural land was collectivised
and the state took over all private property.
estimated in 1978 that grain production had grown more rapidly in North Korea than in South Korea and that living standards in North Korea's rural areas had probably improved more quickly than those in South Korea
US planes dropped
napalm - chemicaL warfare
industry/transportation/communication destroyed
Socialist command economy
shortened Five Yr Plan - focus on rapid industrialization/heavy industry - reciord growth reates 1950s-60s
North Korea's per capita gross national product (GNP) equaled South Korea's as late as 1976
S.Korea
nether signed a treaty
went through a series of coups (political chaos) but was ultimately an economic success
military coup - political instability
Neither achieved their goal: reunification nor destruction of the other regime
3 mil civilians wounded + 5 mil homeless
China
Sino-Soviet split; Stalin's reluctance to assist China - push it to become more independent from Moscow
Mao's reputation greaatly improved - consolidate Communist Revolution in China
Mao called it a 'great victory' - consolidate Chinese power
American - Chino relations irreparreble - China condemned as an aggressor and removed from Security council of UN
USA
US encouraged to seek global alliances - Sept 1954: SEATO created (step towards containment)
US - Japan relations recovered. Treaty of San Fran signed + promise to supply economic aid to JP
American - Chino relations irreparreble - China condemned as an aggressor and removed from Security council of UN
Anti-communist sentiment in America made it impossible to have a balance policy towards communism
54 000 Americans đind't came home
NSC-68 reccomendation to triple the defense budget - implemented
NATO strenthened - W. Ger joined 1955
Containment successful - S. Korea remained communist
USSR
strenthened NATO and led to the rearmament of West Germany (devasted)
USA strengthened espionage network in E.Europe
NSC-68 tripled USA's defense budget and push Stalin to increase investment on military - > 'Arms Race'
Soviet commitments stretched around the world <- conflict spreads globally (Asia) - damage its economy
The Cold War
Expansion of Cold War beyond Europe
Intensified American involvement in Asia (SEATO)
Escalate military tension in Europe - NATO members arm themselves in preparation for Soviet aggression
set precedence for proxy wars: US assisst/provide ammunitions
W.Ger joined NATO 1955 -> Warsaw Pact
Intensified the struggle between 2 ideologies - NSC-68 : US determined to make a stance against the 'evil' of communism