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Human Systems (Excretory (Liver (breaks down toxins in blood, converts…
Human Systems
Excretory
Lungs
exhale CO2
Liver
breaks down toxins in blood
converts nitrongenous waste to urea
Skin
sweat
removes water and salt
Kidney
filter blood
regulate water
Endocrine
hormones
peptides
monoamines
steroids
Paracrine signaling
quick, short response
ex: testosterone
Autocrine signaling
w/in a cell or adjacent cell
Pathway
pituitary releases hormones
adrenal glands
kidney regulation
stress response, adrenaline
pancreas
regulate glucose, secretes insulin
gonads
make hormones
Hypothalamus/ posterior pituitary
oxytocin, antidiuretic
Anterior pituitary
info to thyroid
negative feedback loop
boosts metabolism
Lungs/Pulmonary
breathe in
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi trubes
smaller bronchiolis
air sacks called alveoli
O2 crosses from alveoli to arteries/veins
CO2 crosses from arteries to alveoli and we breathe it out
in lungs
nose or mouth
pulmonary veins oxygenated
go to the heart
pulmonary arteries deoxygenated
from the heart
Circulatory/Heart
blood traveling away is deoxygenated
blood going back from lungs is oxygenated
deoxygenated arrives in R atrium
flows into R ventricle
pumps in artery to lungs
shows up in L atrium
enters L ventricle
pumps to rest of the body
through aorta to arteries
Immune
Innate
born with it
digestive tract
mucous membranes
1st line of defense
inflammatory response
mast cells release signal when mysterious molecules found
ex: histamine
inflammation
causes allergic reactions
skin
white blood cells
phagocytes
collect invading cells
Acquired
antigens ID pathogens and make antibodies
build after birth
Cell mediated
attach to antigen
release alarm
helper T cells
cytotoxic T cell kills it
T cells
Humoral
catch infection before it enters cells
release antibodies
bind
mark it for death by phagocytes
B cells
Digestive
eat
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anus
chyme enters
water removed
bile from gallbladder
enzymes from pancreas
nutrients absorbed
churns
enzymes and gastric acids
converts bolus to chyme
pepsin breaks down proteins
Urinary
Filtration
Reabsorption
Excretion
ureters
bladder
urethra
impurites removed
blood enters nephron