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Sarcoidosis (Inflammation and development of granulomas in various organs,…

- - - - Can present asymptomatic
      - Arrhythmias, palpitations, pre-syncope, syncope
      - Favors left ventricle
        
        Mobitz degree type 2 or 3rd degree heart block
        
        Immunosuppression drugs
      - Cardiomyopathy
        
        Heart failure=dyspnea, weight gain, edema
        
        ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers, diuretics
        
        elevated pulmonary capillary pressure
        
        Pulmonary edema
        
        Altered blood gases
        
        Altered perfusion
      - Conduction abnormalities
        
        Pacemaker
        
        ICD placement
    - - Dry cough, chest pain, dyspnea
      - Effects upper lung
    - - 3rd most frequently involved organ
      - Uveitis
        
        Tearing, photophobia pain
        
        Systemic steroids
      - Lacrimal gland
    - - Acute or chronic arthritic syndromes
        
        ankles, wrists, knees
      - bony lesions
        
        hands and feet
        
        honeycomb appearance
      - 3 types of muscle involvement
        
        acute myopathy (least common)
        
        rapid onset of weakness/myalgias
        
        chronic myopathy (most common)
        
        symmetric proximal weakness
        
        nodular myopathy
        
        accumulation of large granulomas (painful)
      - Treated with high doses of NSAIDS
    - - Nephritis
        
        hypergammaglobulinemia
      - Nephrocalcinosis
        
        Hypercalcemia
        
        limit calcium intake
        
        avoid vitamin D supplementation
        
        limit oxalate (reducing kidney stone formation)
    - - Liver
        
        abdominal pain
        
        pruritis
        
        jaundice, ascites (less common)
        
        minimal organomegaly
        
        biliary disease, cholestasis
        
        chronic = ductopenia
        
        ursodeoxycholic acid
      - Pancreas
        
        increase in serum lipase levels
        
        anorexia
      - Spleen
        
        more common than hepatic lesions
        
        Altered (elevated) ACE levels
      - Corticosteroids, overall, do not show improvement