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NON-STATE ACTOR: Islamic State (GLOBAL TERRORIST MOVEMENTS (The internet…
NON-STATE ACTOR: Islamic State
GLOBAL TERRORIST MOVEMENTS
Go across more than one border
Globalisation and growth of technology and communications has facilitated the proliferation of power of terror organisations
Allows for coordination that previously wasn't allowed
The internet and the proliferation of mobile phone technology is a gift for organisations that want anonymity, whilst propounding ideology, video of attacks and leader, and influencing public opinion
Use it to send their propaganda out in to the world and get like-minded and recruit people
Internet makes it very difficult to find out who the people are on the other end and police their actions
People can watch terrorist videos and be inspired to carry out their own acts
States once had a monopoly of the utility of violence (using violence of political aims - no longer)
E.g. Global terrorist attacks
Paris 2015
3 suicide bombers struck outside a stadium during a football match, followed by several mass shootings and a suicide bombing at cafe's and restaurants --> killed 131 people
Nice 2016
a 19-tonne cargo truck was deliberately driven into crowds of people during the French Independence Day resulting in the deaths of 86 people and the injury of 458 others
AIMS
The Caliph of Islamic State
Abu Bakar al-Baghdadi or Caliph Ibrahim
Leader of ISIS since May 2010
Presided over expansion into Syria and break with al Qaida in 2013
Establish the rule of Allah on Earth via Salafist-orientated caliphate spanning Iraq, Syria and other parts of the Levant
Salafists - fundamental and traditional Muslim's, follow strict Koran law, e.g.women must wear burqa and cover everything and men must protect women, meaning that women are not allowed to travel outside without a man
Caliphate: bring about the end of all non-believers and create a huge Islamic State that only has people who share the same belief
Propagate a global jihadist ideology
Ideology: way of thinking
Jihadist: holy war, struggle given to you by God to carry out that struggle through battle
ROLES
Imposing an extreme interpretation of Islam on its territory, which is onto-western, promotes sectarian violence and targets those that do not agree with its interpretations as infidels
Capturing and consolidating its control over areas of Iraq and Syria
Using media, particularly the internet and social media to spread propaganda, negotiate ransoms, spread ideology and recruit members
"Your virtual war on us will cause a real war on you..."
Melbourne teenager, Jake Bilardi, supported ISIS cause and was used as a suicide bomber in 2015
POWERS
Economic
Oil - $500.0 million
Iraqi and Syrian farmland - $200.0 million
Kidnap & ransom - $45.0 million
Foreign donations - $5.0 million
Taxation - $ 24 million
Social Media
Use it to spread propaganda, negotiate ransoms, speed ideology and recruit members
Is hard to police their actions on social media
'ISIS has exploited social media, most notoriously Twitter, to send its propaganda ... to draw in people vulnerable to radicalisation ... and inspire lone actor attacks'
Military
Through taking over Iraqi and Syrian military bases ISIS was able to steal Russian and US made military equipment including, tanks and artillery etc.
State military is not strong enough to fight against ISIS, means they are able to easily take over cities - e.g. Mosul in Iraq
Asymmetrical warfare: Combatants hide within civilian communities making it hard for large foreign armies to defeat them without collateral damage