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Ch 6.1 Fossils (C. Kinds of fossilsc (a.)Petrified fossils (A fossil…

- - - - Petrified fossils may also form by replacement. In
        replacement the minerals in an organism are repacked by water.
        
        Fossils found in rocks include petrified fossils,molds and casts, carbon films, and trace fossils.
  - - - A mold is a hollow area in a sediment in the shape of an organism, or part of an organism. A mold forms when the hard part of the organism such as a shell, hardens in sediment.
        
        A cast is the copy of a shape of an organism. If water and sediments fall into an empty space of a mold, if there is sediments and water deposits
        
        Molds and casts leave preserved details on objects of fossils
  - - - All living things contain carbon. Carbon forms when seditment buried and organisms with some of the materials become gasses, they escape from the sediment, and leave behind carbon.
        
        Eventually, after the previous first part of carbon forming, then eventually only a thin film of carbon remains.
        
        This process can preserve the delicate parts of plant leaves and insects.
  - - - Things like fossilized foot prints provide clues on an animals size and behavior as well as how fast could the animal move, how many legs it had, and things like did it like by itself? All of these things a paleontologist can use to look for prints.
        
        More examples of trace fossils include the trails that animals follow or the borrows they lived in. A trail or burrow can give clues about the size and shape of an organism, where it lived, and how it obtained food.
  - - - Many fossils that have been preserved in tar have been found at Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles California.
        
        Thousands of years ago, Animals came to drink the water that covered these pits. Somehow, they became stuck in the pits and died. The tar soaked in their bones, preserving the bones from decay.
        
        Ancient organisms have also been preserved in Amber. Amber is the hardened sap of evergreen trees. The process starts when an insect is trapped in the sticky resin. After it dies, more resin covers it, sealing it from air and protecting its body from decay.
        
        Freezing is the third way an organism can be preserved. Freezing has been preserved on animals like mammoths, and relatives of elephants which have been preserved through freezing. Freezing can preserve hair and even skin.
- - - - a.)- the rock cycle is a series of processes on and beneath earths surface that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another
        
        Rocks: mixture of minerals and other materials
        
        Rock cycle: A series of processes on and beneath earths surface that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another.
- - - - b.) -fossils provide evidence of how life has changed over time
        
        b.)- fossils help scientists infer how earths surface has changed
        
        fossils are clues to what past environmennts were like
        -scientists who study fossils are called paleontologist
        
        Paleontologist: Scientists who study fossils
- - - - d.)Scientists can use fossils to learn about earths changes in its surface.