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Respiratory System (Disorders of Respiratory System (Chronic Bronchitis :…
Respiratory System
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Breathing Mechanism
Inspiration : increase/ upward in size of thoracic cavity and downward/decrease pressure
- Diaphragm: moves down
- moves ribs up and sternum forward
- Forced inhalation: scalenes muscles, sternocleidomastoid & pectoralis minor
Control of Respiration : respiratory center: several groups of neurons in medulla oblongata & pons; control rate & depth of breathing
- Chemical Factors: increase CO2 & decrease respiration, acts directly on medulla oblongata
- CO2 levels in blood s the main reg. chemical for respiration
- decrease in O2 levels and increase in respiration
- chemoreceptors in aorta & carotid artery
- info sent to medulla oblongata
- Physical Factors: increased body temp., exercise, talking, coughing, emotion
Pulmonary Ventilation: movement of air in lungs; depends in pressure gradient
- before inspiration, pressure in lungs (Pl= pressure of atmosphere) & (PA= 760mm Hg)
- Inspiration: flow of air into lung
- Expiration: air leaving lung
Expiration: passive process, diaphragm and rib muscle relax
- elastic recoil of starched elastic fibers of lungs decrease/downward lung volume and increase pressure forcing air out
- forced expiration requires concentration of intercostal ribs muscles & abdominal muscles
Respiration: entire process of exchanging gases between atmosphere and body cell
- Breathing or ventilation : moving air in & out of the lungs
- Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondrion of the cell; oxygen carried as oxyhemoglobin in blood
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