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ANTI-DIABETIC DRUGS (ACARBOSE (MECHANISM OF ACTION (In diabetic patients,…

- - - - Assess for contraindications or cautions (e.g. history of allergy to the drugs, pregnancy and lactation status, severe renal or hepatic dysfunction,)
      - Perform a complete physical assessment
      - Assess orientation and reflexes; baseline pulse and blood pressure; adventitious breath sounds
      - Assess body systems for changes
      - Investigate nutritional intake, noting any problems with intake and adherence to prescribed diet,
      - Assess activity level, including amount and degree of exercise
      - Monitor blood glucose levels as ordered to evaluate effectiveness of drug and glycemic control.
      - Monitor results of laboratory tests, including urinalysis
    - - Here are some of the nursing diagnoses that can be formulated in the use of this drug for therapy:
      - Risk for unstable blood glucose related to ineffective dosing of antidiabetic agents
      - Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to metabolic effects
      - Disturbed sensory perception: kinesthetic, visual, auditory, and tactile related to glucose levels
    - - These are vital nursing interventions done in patients who are taking sulfonylureas:
      - Administer the drug as prescribed
      - Ensure that patient has dietary and exercise regimen and using good hygiene practices
      - Monitor nutritional status to provide nutritional consultation as needed.
      - Monitor response carefully and blood glucose
      - Monitor patients during times of trauma, pregnancy, or severe stress,
      - Provide comfort measures to help patient cope with drug effects.
      - Provide patient education about drug effects and warning signs to report
    - - Monitor patient response to therapy (stabilization of blood glucose levels).
      - Monitor for adverse effects (hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal distress).
      - Evaluate patient understanding on drug therapy
      - Monitor patient compliance to drug therapy.
- - - - Assess for contraindications or cautions (e.g. history of allergy, pregnancy, etc.)
      - Perform a physical assessment to establish a baseline before beginning therapy.
      - Assess skin lesions; orientation and reflexes; blood pressure, pulse, respiration and adventitious breath sounds
      - Inspect skin areas that will be used for injection; note any areas that are bruised, thickened, or scarred,
      - Obtain blood glucose levels as ordered to monitor response to insulin.
      - Assess activity level, including amount and degree of exercise which can alter serum glucose levels and need for these drugs.
      - Monitor the results of laboratory tests, including urinalysis, for evidence of glucosuria.
    - - Risk for unstable blood glucose related to ineffective dosing of antidiabetic agents
      - Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements related to the use of insulin and underlying disease process
      - Risk for infection related to glucose levels
    - - Ensure that patient has dietary and exercise regimen and using good hygiene practices
      - Monitor nutritional status to provide nutritional consultation as needed.
      - Gently rotate the vial containing the agent and avoid vigorous shaking to ensure uniform suspension of insulin.
      - Rotate injection sites to avoid damage to muscles and to prevent subcutaneous atrophy.
      - Monitor response carefully to avoid adverse effects.
      - Always verify the name of the insulin being given
      - Use caution when mixing types of insulin; administer mixtures of regular and NPH insulins within 15 minutes after combining them
      - Monitor patient’s sensory losses to incorporate his or her needs into safety issues
      - Provide good skin care and foot care, to prevent the development of serious infections and changes in therapeutic insulin doses.
      - Provide comfort measures to help patient cope with drug effects.
      - Provide patient education about drug effects and warning signs to report
    - - Monitor patient response to therapy (stabilization of blood glucose levels).
      - Monitor for adverse effects (hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, injection-site irritation).
      - Evaluate patient understanding on drug therapy
      - Monitor patient compliance to drug therapy.